Immunology Chp 2

Question 1

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can be found i(o)n (select all the answers that apply)
a. tissues b. phagocytes c. dendritic cells

Answer 1

B. phagocytes

C. Dendritic Cells

Question 2

Specify the locations of PRRs within a cell:

Answer 2

Cell membrane
Endosome
Cytoplasm

Question 3

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _____ Innate immune system is the first step in host defense capable of controlling and even eradicating infections.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _____ Innate immune system instructs the adaptive immune system to respond to microbes.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. The innate immune system has the ability to recognize nonmicrobial antigens. _________.

Answer 5

False. It does not recognize normal self-structures.

Question 6

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _______. The innate immune system is capable of forming “memory” for future microbes to target upon entry into the body.

Answer 6

False. adaptive

Question 7

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. _____. Complement system in the innate immunity is activated by the classical pathway.

Answer 7

False. alternative

Question 8

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. ____. NK cells kill target cells expressing a few or no MHC class-I molecules.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or false? Please correct if the statement is false. ____. Histamine causes vasoconstriction during inflammation.

Answer 9

False. vasodilation

Question 10

10. Name one cell in the innate immunity that is a nonphagocytic barrier: ___________ cells.

Answer 10

NK

Question 11

Two most important transcription factors activated by TLR signals are _____and __

Answer 11

NFkB and IRF-3

Question 12

_____ is the process of coating microbes to facilitate recognition by phagocytes.

Answer 12

Opsonization

Question 13

Macrophages that have ingested microbes produce a cytokine called _______ which triggers NK cells to secrete ________, which in turn activates macrophages to produce enzymes needed to kill ingested microbes.

Answer 13

IL-12 / IFN-gamma

Question 14

_______ is a weak antibiotic secreted by the epithelial cells of the epidermis.

Answer 14

Lysozyme

Question 15

The four cardinal signs (‘R’s) are ___, ____, ______ and _________

Answer 15

rubor, tumor, calor, dolor

Question 16

________ cells release preformed cytotoxic granules such as perforin and granzyme to kill abnormal cells.

Answer 16

NK

Question 17

Sebum has an ___________ pH (acidic/alkaline) which helps destroy some microorganisms.

Answer 17

acidic

Question 18

______ pathway of complement activation is triggered by mannose-binding lectin.

Answer 18

Lectin/alternative

Question 19

Rearrange the steps involved in Phagocytosis:

a. proteolysis
b. phagolysosome
c. extension of the plasma membrane
d. binding of microbe
e. phagosome
f. closing and pinching

Answer 19

d , c, f, e, b, a

Question 20

Rearrange the steps involved in signaling functions of TLRs:

a. Antiviral state
b. TLR engagement of viral molecule
c. Activation of transcription factors
d. Type 1 interferon (IFN)

Answer 20

b, c, d, a

Question 21

Rearrange the steps involved in Emigration:

a. integrin activation
b. migration
c. rolling
d. adhesion

Answer 21

C, A, D, B