Immunology and The Immune System Flashcards
Resistance to disease, specifically infections disease
Immunity
Role/function of immunity
Recognize self from nonself and defend body against nonself
Lymphocytes are divided into
B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells
B lymphocytes are mediators of
humoral immunity
T lymphocytes are mediators of
Cell mediated immunity
Cells of innate immunity
Natural killer cells
Antigen presenting cells are divided into
Dendritic cells, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells
Capture antigens for display to lymphocytes
Antigen-presenting cells
Dendritic cells are responsible for the Initiation of
T cell responses
Macrophages are responsible for the initiation and effector phase of
Cell mediated immunity
Follicular dendritic cells are responsible for the display of ___ to ___ in ___ immune responses
Display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune response
Effector cells are divided into
T lymphocytes, macrophages & monocytes, granulocytes
T lymphocytes are also effector cells via the __ and ___
Helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes
effector cells Cells of the mononuclear - phagocyte system
Macrophage and monocytes
Granulocyte effector cells
Neutrophils and Eosinophils
Innate immunity
First line of defense
The first line of protection is achieved by the __
skin
how does skin achieve first line of protection?
Via: Keratinization and Normal flora
responsible for the skins metabolisms in some of our secretions
Normal flora
Secretion of skin includes:
-Sebum (from sebaceous gland)
-oil
-lactic acid (from sweat)
-cerium men (a wax that is found in auditory canal)
Various secretions start with the
respiratory tract;
produces acidic and alkaline substances in the stomach.
Digestive tract
the mouth produces __ that contain __ (antibody found in all secretions)
lysozymes that contain IgA
urogenital tract: It is important to maintain vagina’s acidity- which is maintained by
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Remember: our first line of defense only works
especially our skin if it is ____.
Unbroken
One of the ways that body resists infection after
microorganisms have penetrated the first line of defense.
Innate (Natural) Immunity
What is the very important characteristic of innate
immunity?
It is non-specific.
MAIN cellular components of Innate
immunity?
phagocytes specifically NEUTROPHIL.
cellular components of Innate immunity?
Masts cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Humoral components of Innate immunity
- Complement system
- Lysozymes
- Interferons (a cells that protect themselves against the virus)
Detection of microbial pathogen is carried out by
sentinel cells
a cell in the body first line of defense which embed themselves in tissue such as skin
sentinel cells
Act as sentinel cells which are in close contact w/ the host natural environment.
macrophages and dendritic cells
Neutrophils and macrophages destroy pathogens via
phagocytosis
Apart, from phagocytosis there will be a reaction of the nearby tissues because of a lot chemical mediators that will lead to a process called
inflammatory response.
If the degree of inflammation is very extensive there
would be an increase of what we call ____
which are indicators of inflammatory diseases.
acute phase proteins or reactants
How do we know that the patient’s body is inflamed?
Test via acute phase reactants and ESR
can detect some of these acute but not specific phase reactants
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
protein that are major humoral or fluid component of our natural immunity
Complement system
Phagocytosis: is always part of __ response
inflammatory response.
5 cardinal signs of inflammation:
-Redness
-Rubor
-Calor
-Dolor
-Tumor and Function of Laesa (loss of function)
