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Mammalian Physiology I > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT involved in innate immunity?

a) Phagocytic cells
b) Non-specific
c) Inflammation
d) B Lymphocytes
e) Physiological responses such as fever and pH changes

A

d) B Lymphocytes

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2
Q

Which of the following would NOT be observed in a SCID patient?

a) High susceptibility to severe infection
b) The ability to fight off common infections
c) A very low number of T cells
d) Very reduced lymph nodes
e) Disrupted bone marrow

A

b) The ability to fight off common infections

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3
Q

All Immune cells arise from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. Which of the following immune
cells arise from a lymphoid progenitor?

a) Neutrophils
b) Monocytes
c) Macrophages
d) Basophils
e) NK cells

A

e) NK cells

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding complement proteins?

a) Complement proteins can produce vasodilation of capillaries
b) Complement proteins can recruit inflammatory mediators
c) Complement proteins are found in the saliva.
d) Complement proteins can enhance the likelihood of a pathogen undergoing phagocytosis via a
process called opsonization
e) Complement proteins can lead to the direct destruction of microbes by the membrane attack
complex

A

c) Complement proteins are found in the saliva.

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5
Q

Monocytes are important cells of the innate immune system that can differentiate into.…

a) Macrophages
b) B cells
c) NK cells
d) T cells
e) Neutrophils

A

a) Macrophages

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6
Q

Which organ(s) is/are primary lymphoid organs?

a) Lymph nodes
b) Thymus
c) Spleen
d) Bone marrow

A

b) Thymus

d) Bone marrow

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7
Q

Which component(s) of the immune system take part of the first line defense against pathogens?

a) Mucus
b) T cells
c) Lysozymes
d) Antibodies

A

a) Mucus

c) Lysozymes

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8
Q

Understanding the functions of the immune system have contributed to…

a) Eradication of deadly diseases such as smallpox
b) Minimizing the risk of organ rejection following transplant
c) Managing some of the effects of that come with conditions like AIDS
d) Prevention of disease and death via immunization

A

a) Eradication of deadly diseases such as smallpox
b) Minimizing the risk of organ rejection following transplant
c) Managing some of the effects of that come with conditions like AIDS
d) Prevention of disease and death via immunization

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9
Q

Which of the following is/are cellular factors that participate in innate immunity?

a) Dendritic cells
b) Mast Cells
c) NK cells
d) Complement

A

a) Dendritic cells
b) Mast Cells
c) NK cells

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10
Q

Select the CORRECT statement(s):

a) Most immune responses occur in the secondary lymphoid organs.
b) The thymus hypertrophies (becomes larger) after maturation.
c) Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are widespread throughout the body.
d) B cells mature in the thymus.

A

a) Most immune responses occur in the secondary lymphoid organs.
c) Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are widespread throughout the body.

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11
Q

Which statement regarding neutrophils is FALSE?

a) They are a type of phagocyte
b) They die in the process of killing bacteria
c) They move from the capillary to the site of injury through a process known as diapedesis
d) They are recruited to the site of infection by chemoattractants
e) They present antigens to lymphocytes via MHC-II

A

e) They present antigens to lymphocytes via MHC-II

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12
Q

Which statement regarding phagocytosis is FALSE?

a) The vesicle containing the engulfed antigen is known as the phagosome
b) Phagocytes detect unique, conserved structures on microbes known as PAMPs
c) Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are expressed on bacteria
d) The end products of phagocytosis may be recycled by the cell
e) PAMPs are recognized by Toll-Like Receptors on phagocytes

A

c) Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are expressed on bacteria

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13
Q

Which of the following are antigen presenting cells (APCs)?

a) T cells
b) Dendritic cells
c) NK cells
d) Mast cells
e) Neutrophils

A

b) Dendritic cells

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14
Q

Which statement regarding natural killer (NK) cells is FALSE?

a) They release granzymes and perforins that lead to the death of infected or abnormal body cells
b) Their activation is inhibited by MHC class I on normal cells
c) They are part of the innate immune response
d) They are similar to cytotoxic T cells
e) Their activation is antigen-specific

A

e) Their activation is antigen-specific

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15
Q

Which statement regarding antigens is FALSE?

a) They can stimulate antibody production
b) The part of the antigen that is recognized by immune cells is known as the epitope
c) They may need to bind a carrier molecule in order to elicit an immune response
d) They can be microbial, but not viral
e) They can be the whole cell or part of the cell

A

d) They can be microbial, but not viral

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16
Q

Which statement(s) regarding MHC protein classes is/are TRUE?

a) MHC-II proteins are found on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-cells
b) The only people with the same set of MHC proteins on their cells are identical twins
c) APCs present foreign antigens to T cells via MHC-II
d) APCs express MHC-II, but not MHC-I

A

a) MHC-II proteins are found on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and B-cells
b) The only people with the same set of MHC proteins on their cells are identical twins
c) APCs present foreign antigens to T cells via MHC-II

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17
Q

Which statement(s) regarding adaptive immunity is/are FALSE?

a) It begins with an APC migrating to a lymph node
b) B and T cells are involved
c) It involves memory against specific microbes and foreign substances
d) It can only kill foreign cells or microbes

A

d) It can only kill foreign cells or microbes

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18
Q

Which statement(s) regarding B and T cells is/are TRUE?

a) They are part of the adaptive immune response
b) Cytotoxic T cells are part of humoral immunity
c) B cells can differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies
d) Cytotoxic T cells are CD4+

A

a) They are part of the adaptive immune response

c) B cells can differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies

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19
Q

Which statement(s) regarding antigen presentation is/are FALSE?

a) APCs present exogenous antigens with MHC-I
b) Antigen peptide fragments are fused with MHC-II inside APCs
c) B cells are not antigen presenting cells
d) APCs link innate and adaptive immunity

A

a) APCs present exogenous antigens with MHC-I

c) B cells are not antigen presenting cells

20
Q

Which of the following is/are an example(s) of an antigen?

a) Pollen
b) Vaccine
c) Bacteria
d) Red blood cell

A

a) Pollen
b) Vaccine
c) Bacteria
d) Red blood cell

21
Q

Where is the antigen binding region found in the immunoglobulin structure?

a) Heavy chain
b) Light chain
c) Constant region
d) Variable region
e) Hinge region

A

d) Variable region

22
Q

Passive immunity involves…

a) Memory cells
b) Vaccination
c) The person’s own immune system responding to a microbe
d) Long lasting protection
e) The direct transfer of antibodies from one person to another

A

e) The direct transfer of antibodies from one person to another

23
Q

How does a newborn baby resist infection at birth?

a) It recieved IgG antibodies from its mother via the placenta
b) It can produce its own IgM antibodies
c) It can produce its own IgE antibodies
d) It can not resist infection
e) It has only innate immune responses

A

a) It recieved IgG antibodies from its mother via the placenta

24
Q

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an important role in which of the following?

a) Antigen presentation to B lymphocytes
b) Phagocytosis by neutrophils
c) Maturation of B cells
d) Phagocytosis by dendritic cells
e) Antigen presentation to T lymphocytes

A

e) Antigen presentation to T lymphocytes

25
Q

What is the first cell in the adaptive immune response that has specificity for an antigen?

a) Neutrophil
b) B cell
c) Helper T cell
d) Macrophage
e) Cytotoxic T cell

A

c) Helper T cell

26
Q

Select the CORRECT statement(s) about the IgM antibody class:

a) They are associated with the allergic response
b) They exist as pentamers
c) They are present in breast milk and confer passive immunity to infants
d) They are the first antibody produced by plasma cells

A

b) They exist as pentamers

d) They are the first antibody produced by plasma cells

27
Q

Where do dendritic cells and T cells interact?

a) At a primary lymphoid organ
b) At a secondary lymphoid organ
c) In the bone marrow
d) At the regional lymph node

A

b) At a secondary lymphoid organ

d) At the regional lymph node

28
Q

Select the TRUE statement(s) regarding the activation of a B-cell:

a) Secretion of IL4, IL5 and IL6 leads to the activation of B cells
b) Interaction is required between the MHC-II complex and the B cell receptor
c) An activated B cell will produce plasma cells and memory B cells
d) Interaction is required between CD40L and CD28

A

a) Secretion of IL4, IL5 and IL6 leads to the activation of B cells
c) An activated B cell will produce plasma cells and memory B cells

29
Q

Which of the following are antigen presenting cells?

a) Dendritic cells
b) Macrophages
c) B lymphocytes
d) Neutrophils

A

a) Dendritic cells
b) Macrophages
c) B lymphocytes

30
Q

Select the TRUE statements about active immunity:

a) It can be acquired through vaccination
b) It can be acquired by receiving serum containing antibodies from a person that has previously
been vaccinated
c) It provides long lasting protection against microbes
d) Fetuses acquire active immunity by receiving IgA in breast milk

A

a) It can be acquired through vaccination

c) It provides long lasting protection against microbes

31
Q

Which statement regarding T cells is FALSE?

a) They are a part of cell-meditated immunity.
b) They usually require activation before performing their function.
c) They undergo positive and negative selection in the thymus.
d) They produce antibodies.
e) They are a part of adaptive immunity.

A

d) They produce antibodies.

32
Q

Which statement regarding T helper cells is TRUE?

a) They are CD8+.
b) Th1 cells stimulate the activity of NK cells and macrophages.
c) Th2 cells secrete cytokines that activate cytotoxic T cells.
d) They are antigen presenting cells.
e) Th1 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5 and IL-6.

A

b) Th1 cells stimulate the activity of NK cells and macrophages.

33
Q

Which is NOT found on the surface of T cells?

a) TCRs.
b) CD28.
c) B7.
d) CTLA-4.
e) MHC I.

A

c) B7.

34
Q

Which statement regarding human blood groups is TRUE?

a) Individuals with blood group B cannot receive blood from an individual with blood group A.
b) Individuals with blood group A have the anti-A antibody in their blood.
c) Individuals with blood group AB can be homozygous or heterozygous.
d) Individuals with blood group B have the A antigen on their RBCs.
e) Blood group O is considered the universal recipient.

A

a) Individuals with blood group B cannot receive blood from an individual with blood group A.

35
Q

Which statement regarding hypersensitivity reactions is FALSE?

a) They are characterized by an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response
b) They can be mediated by antibodies or immune cells
c) There are four main types
d) Anaphylaxis is one example of a hypersensitivity reaction
e) Allergies can only be immediate hypersensitivity reactions

A

e) Allergies can only be immediate hypersensitivity reactions

36
Q

Which statement(s) regarding cell-mediated killing of viruses is/are TRUE?

a) The cytotoxic T cell interacts directly with the APC.
b) The viral peptide is presented via the MHC-II molecule on the dendritic cell.
c) B7 on the Th1 cell must bind to CD28 on the APC.
d) The activated helper T cell secretes INF and IL-2 which activate the cytotoxic T cell.

A

b) The viral peptide is presented via the MHC-II molecule on the dendritic cell.
d) The activated helper T cell secretes INF and IL-2 which activate the cytotoxic T cell.

37
Q

Which statement(s) regarding infected body cells is/are FALSE?

a) They present antigens via MHC-II.
b) They are killed by the release of granzymes and perforins from cytotoxic T cells.
c) They are recognized by the immune system as an exogenous antigen.
d) They process and present viral antigens to CD8+ T cells.

A

a) They present antigens via MHC-II.

c) They are recognized by the immune system as an exogenous antigen.

38
Q

Which factor(s) may alter resistance to infection?

a) Exercising 5 days a week.
b) Not getting enough sleep.
c) Not eating enough protein.
d) Undergoing an organ transplant.

A

a) Exercising 5 days a week.
b) Not getting enough sleep.
c) Not eating enough protein.
d) Undergoing an organ transplant.

39
Q

Which statement(s) regarding the immune system is/are TRUE?

a) Autoimmune diseases involve autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells that attack body cells.
b) Immunosuppressant drugs are often required to prevent rejection of a donor organ.
c) Immunodeficiencies may result from the absence of certain cells in the immune system.
d) 95% of T-cells are destroyed and never leave the thymus.

A

a) Autoimmune diseases involve autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells that attack body cells.
b) Immunosuppressant drugs are often required to prevent rejection of a donor organ.
c) Immunodeficiencies may result from the absence of certain cells in the immune system.
d) 95% of T-cells are destroyed and never leave the thymus.

40
Q

Which of the following is/are autoimmune disease(s)?

a) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
b) SCID
c) Multiple sclerosis
d) HIV

A

a) Type 1 diabetes mellitus

c) Multiple sclerosis

41
Q

TYPE B: For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completionsgiven may be correct. Decide which completion(s) is/are correct and darken the appropriate circle as follows:

A. if only a, b and c are correct
B. if only a and c are correct
C. if only b and d are correct
D. if only d is correct
E. if all or none are correct
  1. The immune system destroys or neutralizes…

A) bacteria.
B) non-microbial foreign substances.
C) viruses.
D) cancer cells that arise in the body

A

E

42
Q

TYPE B: For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completions given may be correct. Decide which completion(s) is/are correct and darken the appropriate circle as follows:

A. if only a, b and c are correct
B. if only a and c are correct
C. if only b and d are correct
D. if only d is correct
E. if all or none are correct
  1. A patient is taking an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits all adaptive immune responses. The innate immune responses are still functional. While taking this drug, which
    event(s) will occur in response to a bacterial infection?

A) Production of antibodies
B) Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
C) Activation of T helper cells
D) Vasodilation of local blood capillaries

A

C (B and D are true)

43
Q

TYPE B: For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completions given may be correct. Decide which completion(s) is/are correct and darken the appropriate circle as follows:

A. if only a, b and c are correct
B. if only a and c are correct
C. if only b and d are correct
D. if only d is correct
E. if all or none are correct
  1. Which statement(s) regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is/are TRUE?

A) Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes.
B) The interaction of Toll-like receptors and PAMPs stimulates the phagocyte to release chemicals that mediate the inflammatory response.
C) Phagocytes present antigens using MHC-I molecules.
D) Phagocytosis is stimulated by the opsonization of bacteria.

A

C (B and D are true)

44
Q
  1. Which statement about the production of antibodies is TRUE?

A) Antibody diversity can be explained based only on the recombination of the V, D, J and C genes.
B) TDT causes the deletion of nucleotides at the end of the V, D or J regions.
C) Class switching refers to changing only the Fc region of the antibody.
D) Gene recombination and modifications happen only in the production of the antibody heavy chains.
E) Monoclonal antibodies, such as IgG, are made up two identical heavy chains and two different light chains.

A

C

45
Q
  1. Which statement regarding immune cells is TRUE?

A) Natural killer cells are classified as myeloid cells.
B) Macrophages are derived from basophils.
C) Dendritic cells are derived from monocytes.
D) The immune cells found within the bloodstream are erythrocytes.
E) Neutrophils are classified as lymphoid cells.

A

C

Mammalian Physiology I (2 decks)

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