Body Fluids, Transport and Blood Flashcards
Select the best answer for each question.
Which one of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?
A) 200 mM NaCl B) 300 mM glucose C) 100 mM MgCl2 D) 400 mM urea E) 100 mM NaCl
A
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Which is the correct order of body-water content - going from highest-body water content to
lowest-body water content?
A) Newborn infant – elderly male – 20-year old woman
B) Elderly woman – elderly man – 20-year old man
C) Obese 20-year old male – standard reference individual – under-weight 20-year old male
D) 10-year old boy – 20-year old woman – elderly woman
E) 20-year old man – 20-year old woman – newborn infant
D or A
A is also correct if you look at the table: 65%>52%>51%
Select the best answer for each question.
Which feature distinguishes active transport from facilitated diffusion?
A) Saturation of transport rate B) Requirement for a carrier molecule C) Carrier molecules have specificity D) Presence of a transport maximum E) Requirement for metabolic energy
E
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Homeostasis means that a body variable, such as water content…
A) has varied from the normal value, and will remain constant at the new value.
B) never varies from its set point value.
C) is in an equilibrium state that requires no energy input to stay at the normal value.
D) is in a state of dynamic constancy that is regulated to remain near a stable set point value.
E) will change to match the outside environmental conditions.
D
For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completions given may be correct. Decide which completion(s) is/are correct as follows:
A. if only a, b and c are correct B. if only a and c are correct C. if only b and d are correct D. if only d is correct E. if all or none are correct
To determine an individual’s daily fluid intake, we must include…
A) the amount of liquid consumed
B) the amount of fluid in the food consumed
C) the metabolic production of water
D) the amount of insensible perspiration
A
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Erythropoietin levels in plasma…
A) increase when an individual moves from a high altitude to a sea-level location.
B) are low in patients with severe kidney disease.
C) are low in patients with severe bone marrow disease.
D) are high in patients with low platelet counts.
E) All of the above are CORRECT
B
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Platelets…
A) are also known as reticulocytes.
B) have a normal lifespan in the circulation of one month.
C) are produced in the liver and the spleen during early fetal life.
D) are essential in primary hemostasis, but play no role in blood clotting.
E) resemble erythrocytes in that both lack intracellular organelles.
C
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A patient showing signs of severe edema all over his body comes to see you. On the basis of what you know about the control of transcapillary fluid dynamics, which condition(s) is/are most likely to be causing
the edema?
A) Low red and white blood cell counts.
B) A colloidal osmotic (oncotic) pressure of plasma of ~20mm Hg
C) Low blood pressure due to severe dehydration
D) Kidney disease, characterized by a high albumin concentration in the urine.
C
For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completions given may
be correct. Decide which completion(s) is/are correct as follows:
A. if only a, b and c are correct B. if only a and c are correct C. if only b and d are correct D. if only d is correct E. if all or none are correct
Which statement(s) about erythrocytes is/are TRUE?
A) They have a high surface-to-volume ratio.
B) They are derived from large nucleated stem cells.
C) They are responsible for the transport of most of the oxygen in blood, as well as some of the carbon dioxide.
D) They play an essential role
A
For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completions given may be correct. Decide which completion(s) is/are correct as follows:
A. if only a, b and c are correct B. if only a and c are correct C. if only b and d are correct D. if only d is correct E. if all or none are correct
Which of the following statements about THROMBIN is/are FALSE?
A) Its precursor is synthesized by the liver.
B) It exerts a positive feedback effect on its own production.
C) It acts as an enzyme in the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.
D) It is produced more rapidly along the intrinsic than along the extrinsic coagulation pathway.
D
