Immunology Flashcards
Described the electomagnetic spectrum from shortest wavelength to longest wavelength.
Radiowaves> microwaves > infared >visible> UV > xrays > gamma rays
IL1 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL1 secreted by macrophages, b cells and keratinocytes.
Target(s): Endothelium
Effects: Fever (endogenous pyrogen), Inflammation, Increased Vascular Permeability by activating endothelium to express adhesion molecules; induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.
IL2 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL2 secreted by T cells, causes T cell differentiation
IL3 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL3 secreted by T cells, causes maturation of multple immature hematopoietic cell lineages
IL4 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL4 secreted by Th2 cells, causes isotype switching to IgE
IL5 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL5 secreted by Th2 cells, causes eosinophil activator, Increases IgA secretion
IL6 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL6 secreted by T and B cells
Target(s): T-Cell, B-Cell
Effects: Endogenous pyrogen. Causes fever and stimulates production of acute phase proteins.
IL8 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
IL8 secreted by macrophages.
Target(s): Neutrophil
Effects: Major chemotactic factor (“Clean up on aisle 8.” Neutrophils are recruited by IL-8 to clear infections)
IL10 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
Secreted by Treg and macrophages.
Target(s): TH1
Effects: Down-regulates the expression of TH1 cytokines, MHC class II antigens, and costimulatory molecules.
IL12 is secreted by ___ and has ___ effects.
Secreted by Macrophages, dendritic cellls
Target(s): TH1, NK Cell
Effects: Induces T cell differentiation into TH1 cells. Increases IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha production.
TNF alpha secreted by ____ and has ____effects.
Secreted by macrophages. Targets endothelium and mediated septic shock.
IL 22 and 23 does what?
Promotes proliferation and differentiation of Th17 cells.
IFN-gamma secreted by ___ and has ___ effect.
IFN-gamma secreted by T-cells and NK cells. Causes macrophages activation, differentiation of Th1 cells and downregulation of Th2 pathway.
TLR2 is triggered by ___.
TLR2 is triggered by Lipopeptides from gram positive bacteria (p acnes). Bacterial lipopolysaccharides binding is dependent on TLR2.
TLR 3 is triggered by ___.
Viral ds RNA
TLR 5 is triggered by ___.
Bacterial flagellin
TLR 7 is triggered by ___.
Viral ssRNA and the synthetic ligand imiquimod
Classical complement pathway activated by ___. How does it work?
Ab-antigen complexes. It works by. C1q binds to Fc portion of the IgM and IgG (not IgG4). Activates C1r/c1s. C1s cleaves C4 and C2 forming C4b/C2a (C3 convertase). C3 convertase cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. C3b joins wiht C4b2b to form C5 convertase
Alternative complement pathway activated by ___. How does it work?
Activated by LPS. Causes low level of C3 cleavage. C3b binds to bacterial cell surface structures and binds factor B. Factor B cleaved by factor d into Ba and Bb. Bb and C3b forms C3 convertase, which is stablized by properidin.
Lectin complement pathway activated by ___. How does it work?
Activated by mannose-binding lectin protein, a plasma protein that binds to cell’s surface polysaccharides. Causes cleavage of C4 and C2.
Anaphylactoxins
C3a and C5a
MAC subunits
C5b, C6, C7, C8, C9
B cell markers/receptors include:
CD19, CD20 and CD79a
What co-stimulatory molecules do T cells need on their APC?
CD28 binds to B7-1/B7-2 on APCs.
CD2 (LFA2) binds to LFA-3 (CD58) on APCs.
LFA1 bind to ICAM-1 on APCs.
