Immunology Flashcards
Where is the most bacteria found in the gut?
Large intestine
What is dysbiosis
Decrease of healthy bacteria in gut
What barriers do we have against bacteria in the gut?
Epithelial Enzymes Stomach acid MALT GALT
How is the epithelium a good barrier for bacteria?
Mucus layer by goblet cells
Lysosomes by planets cells
Tight junctions
Where is malt found?
In the mouth
Tonsils
What are the 2 types of galt?
Organised and non organised
Organised = aggregate of lymphoid cells
payer patches
Caecal patches
Non organised = randomly arranged lymphoid cells
Laminate proprietary lymphocytes
Which 2 types of T cells are found in intra epithelial lymphocytes
Conventional and non conventional
C= migrate to other tissues
Nc= resident
What is the area above and below the m cells called?
Follicle associated epithelium
Sub epithelial dome
Which antibodies are found in the gut?
IgA
What is lymphocyte homing?
When lymphocytes are activated they return to the same place that they were activated as thus is where they are most likely to be needed
Which molecule is important in gut homing?
MAdCAM 1
Expressed in epithelial cells
Name some causes of infectious diarrhoea
Cholera Rotavirus Norovirus Salmonella Shigella
How many types of rotaviruses are there?
5 types
Live attenuated vaccine against type A
Which property of someone effected by norovirus keeps the epidemic going?
They can transmit the virus after they stop experiencing symptoms
What is the most common source of food poisoning?
Campylobacter
What is ecoli?
Diverse group of grams negative bacteria that can be commensalism but there are 6 types associated with diarrhoea
Which bacteria takes advantage of antibiotic treatment ?
Clostridium difficile
= antibiotics kill many bacteria but some are left which allow cd to invade
What is the problem with recurrence of clostridium difficile?
More recurrences you have the more difficult it is to treat
What can we do to cure clostridium difficile ?
Faecal transplant
What is coeliac disease?
Autoimmune disease to gluten
Gluten specific helper T cells
What is irritable bowel syndrome ?
Hypersensitivity due to diet
Causes functional problems
What us inflammatory bowel disease?
Inflammatory response to microbiota
What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disease?
Ulcerative colitis
Crohns disease
What are the symptoms of these three diseases?
Abdominal pain
Cramping
Diarrhoea
Fever
