Cancer

Question 1

What are the 3 most common sites of cancers in the GI tract?

Answer 1

Oesophageal
Colon
Pancreas

Question 2

What cancers form in:
Squamous
Glandular epithelium 
Enterochromafin cells
Intestinal cells of cajal
Smooth muscle
Adipose

Answer 2

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoid tumour
Gi stromal carcinoma
Leiomyoma
Lipoma

Question 3

What are the 2 types of oesophageal cancers?

Answer 3

Squamous cell = upper 2/3
Common in less developed world

Adenocarcinoma = lower 1/3
From columnar epithelium
Gastric reflux
Developed world

Question 4

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

Answer 4

Metaplasia due to repeat exposure of monarch acid

So it becomes cuboidal epithelium

Question 5

What is the risk of oesophageal cancer if you have Barrett’s oesophagus?

Answer 5

0.12 % per year

Question 6

What are the risk factors of colorectal cancer?

Answer 6

Age
Family history
Uncontrolled ulcerative colitis
Previous polyps

Question 7

At are symptoms of colon cancers?

Answer 7

Diarrhoea
Constipation
Blood in stool

Question 8

What are advantages and disadvantages of colonoscopy?

Answer 8

Safe, quick, sensitive, can remove tissue for biopsy

Need to clear bowel, perforation, dehydration

Question 9

What technique can be used to look in the colon when stool is difficult too remove?

Answer 9

CT virtual colonoscopy
- tag stool with bismuth

But cannot sample of remove tissue

Question 10

What sytpms do patients with pancreatic cancer experience?

Answer 10

Pain, weight loss, anorexia

Jaundice, glucose intolerance, obstructive gall bladder