Immunology Flashcards
Role of Type I interferons
Induce resistance to virus infection - inhibit cell proliferation and increase expression of class I MHC molecules
How to get fever
Macrophages release IL-1: in the preoptic anterior hypothalamus, it stimulates the formation of PGE2, which slows the firing rate of certain temperature-control neurons to what they would normally do at, say 35°C. This activates the heat generation response (e.g., shivering,) producing fever
IFN gamma and TNF alpha
allow for inflammatory cell recruitment and M1 macrophage activation
induce viral/immuno-proteasomes
From the following list of CD molecules, which is a cell surface protein that can be found on all types of T cells? CD3 CD4 CD8 CD19 CD20
CD3
The activation of which transcription factor listed below is dependent on calcium being released from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to PLCγ1 signaling? AP1 JAK3 NF-κB NFAT STAT1
NFAT
what receptor to home to secondary lymphoid organs (T cells)
CCR7
From the groups of cytokines listed below, which group contains a combination of members where every member's signaling would be disrupted in an individual containing a genetic mutation that inhibited the normal function associated with the IL-2Rγ protein? A. IL-2, IL-3, IL-4 B. IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 C. IL-4, IL-6, IL-9 D. IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 E. IL-5, IL-6, IL-7
D. IL-4, IL-7, IL-9
Which cytokine from the list provided below is produced by activated T cells to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and B cells while also serving to activate NK cells? A. IL-1 B. IL-2 C. IL-3 D. IL-4 E. IL-5
IL-2
Which of the following cell types has a requirement for IL-5 signaling for differentiation? A. Basophil B. Eosinophil C. Macrophage D. NK cell E. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil
Eosinophil
Correctly identify the progression of cytokine responses that drives hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into a granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cell, then a monocyte cell, and then finally to a macrophage cell.
IL-3 →IL-3, GM-CSF, M-CSF →GM-CSF, M-CSF
IL-3, GM-CSF →IL-3, GM-CSF, M-CSF →GM-CSF, M-CSF
IL-3 →IL-3, GM-CSF, G-CSF → GM-CSF, IL-4
IL-3, GM-CSF →IL-3, GM-CSF, M-CSF →GM-CSF, IL-4
IL-3 →GM-CSF, M-CSF →M-CSF
IL-3, GM-CSF →IL-3, GM-CSF, M-CSF →GM-CSF, M-CSF
In response to an encounter with a PAMP a resident macrophage will produce _____________ in order to stimulate nearby blood vessel endothelial cells to express _______________ which facilitatestethering to CD15 found on circulating leukocytes.
TNFα, E selectin
A 2-week-old baby boy visits the local emergency department and presents with a high heart rate, rapid breathing, low-blood pressure, and a fever of 104ºF. He was diagnosed with omphalitis and immediately started on IV antibiotics. A complete blood count was performed and revealed an absolute neutrophil count of 156 cells/mm3. He eventually recovered from his infection but his neutrophil count remained below 500 cells/mm3. A bone marrow aspirate was performed and revealed normal numbers of granulocyte progenitors. Genetic testing was performed and revealed a mutation that is known to block the function of a cytokine receptor. Given the above information, which receptor gene contained the mutation? A. IL-3R B. IL-4R C. IL-5R D. G-CSF-R E. M-CSF-R
G-CSF-R
What T cell surface protein binds to the peptide-MHC complex on an antigen presenting cell and helps to serve as part of the bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses? CD28 FcγR GM-CSF-R IL-2Rα T cell receptor
T cell receptor
Which of the following molecules is part of a complex that is associated with surface immunoglobulins in B cells and functions to mediate signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR)?
CD79b
Which of the following molecules is recognized by a subset of T cells and is present of the surface of all cells of the body EXCEPT for red blood cells?
MHC Class I
