Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

In X linked SCID which receptor is damaged? What does this mean?

A

IL2. This means that there is an inability to respond to cytokines leading to failure of T cell and NK cell development.

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2
Q

What is the purpose of lymph nodes?

A

clearing zones where a foreign material presented by dendritic cells can result in rapid generation of lymphocytes highly selective for the microbe bearing that material.

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3
Q

In SCID is it T cells or B cells that are reduced?

A

T cells

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4
Q

Describe how a granuloma is formed

A

Infection with mycoabacteria
Infected macrophages stimulated to produce IL12
IL12 induces T cells to secrete gIFN
gIFN feedsbackk to macrophages and neutrophils and stimulated production of TNF

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5
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

An organised collected of activated macrophages and lymphocytes

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6
Q

What is deficient in common variable immune deficiency?

A

IgG IgA IgM

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7
Q

How does variable immune deficiency usually present?

A

Recurrent bacterial infections such as respiratory

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8
Q

How does selective IgA deficiency present?

A

Asymptomatic

Recurrent respiratory tract infections

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9
Q

In what way is HIV similar to SCID?

A

Absence of functional T cell immunity

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10
Q

What is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immediate hypersensitivity (IgE-mediated allergy)

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11
Q

What is a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Direct cell killing: antibody mediated
- Activation of complement leading to cell lysis
= Opsonisation leading to antibody-mediated phagocytosis

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12
Q

Give examples of type 2 hypersensitivity reactions

A

Autoimmune haemolytic anaeamia

Idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura

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13
Q

Do biologics such as anti TNF represent passive or active immunity

A

: Biologicals such as anti-TNF (e.g. Etanercept, Adalimumab) represent a form of passive immunisation.

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14
Q

IF you are on anti TNF treatment what infections are you particularly at risk of?

A

Granulomatous

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15
Q

What is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Immune complex mediated (eg SLE)

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16
Q

What is a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity

17
Q

Are NK cells antigen specific?

A

No

18
Q

If you have NK cell deficiency then what infections are you particularly predisposed to?

A

Varicells Zoster
Herpes Simplex
Cytomegalovirus