Immunology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what’re epitopes

A

the site of antigen that’s recognised by lymphocyte receptors

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2
Q

what type of cell is more likely to recognise linear epitopes

A

t-cells

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3
Q

what type of cell is more likely to recognise discontinuous epitopes

A

b-cells

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4
Q

why are antibodies bifunctional

A
  1. recognises & binds to antigen
  2. recruit other elements of the immune system
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5
Q

which terminal of the antibody bind to:
- self cells
- antigens

A
  • C terminal
  • n terminal
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6
Q

what happens if papain digests antibodies

A
  • cuts of top above S-S
  • forms 2xFab + 1c Fc
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7
Q

what happens if pepsin digests antibodies

A
  • cuts off bottom below S-S
  • 1xF(ab’)2
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8
Q

what’s the makeup of the light chain and the heavy chain in IgG
(structure)

A

light chain = 2x Ig folds
heavy chain = 4x Ig folds

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9
Q

what’s the function of an Ig determined by

A

the Fc regions

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10
Q

what’re the 4 functions Ig classes

A
  1. neutralisation
  2. opsonisation
  3. activate complement system
  4. intracellular (binds to Virus and enters cell to kill)
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11
Q

normally IgV and IgC regions/domains are separate, how come they can rearrange in B-cells

A

IgV and IgC are close together

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12
Q

what’re the 3 ways to establish gene diversity in somatic recombination

A

germline diversity
combinatorial diversity
junctional diversity

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13
Q

what’s germline diversity

A

many choices of gene segments (initial diversity present in the DNA)

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14
Q

what’s combinatory diversity

A

random segments brought in random orders

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15
Q

what’s junctional diversity

A

joining of different gene segments together

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16
Q

what does RSS do

A

-RSS serves as recognition sites for the RAG proteins
- involved in 12/23
- recognition and cleavage

17
Q

what adds N nucleotides

A

TdT

18
Q

what’s the immunoglobulin structure:
- IgD
- IgG
- IgA
- IgM
- IgE

A
  • IgD x2
  • IgG x2
  • IgA x2
  • IgM x10
  • IgE x2
19
Q

what’s the function of RAG in context of junctional diversity

A

cleaves/reorganises DNA & + P nucleotides

20
Q

what’s needed for somatic recombination of light chain

A

V regions = 2xV + 1xJ
1x somatic recombination
removing introns splicing

21
Q

whats needed for somatic recombination of heavy chains

A

V regions = V, D, J
splicing
2x somatic recombination

22
Q

SCID
- what causes it
- what does it cause

A

mutations in RAG1 & 2
cause recombination deficiencies