Immunology

Question 0

Innate immune responses

Answer 0

Immediate, not specific, no memory

Question 1

Immunology

Answer 1

The study of the body’s defense against infection including physical barriers, innate and acquired immunity

Question 2

Adaptive or acquired immunity

Answer 2

Takes time to develop, specific, immunological memory

Question 3

Antigen

Answer 3

Stimulates ANTIbody GENeration

Question 4

Granulocytes

Answer 4

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 5

Agranulocytes

Answer 5

Lymphocyte, monocyte

Question 6

Cytokines

Answer 6

Used by the innate immunity to recruit immune cells to the site of infection

Question 7

Cells of the innate immune system

Answer 7

Dendritic cells, cytokines, macrophages (monocytes), neutrophils

Question 8

Phagocytic cells in innate immunity

Answer 8

Macrophages (monocytes) and neutrophils

Question 9

Natural killer cells of innate immunity

Answer 9

Large, granular lymphocytes, attack viral infected cells and cancer cells

Question 10

TLRs

Answer 10

Toll-like receptors located on the membranes of immune cells such as monocytes and dendritic cells

Question 11

Inflammation

Answer 11

Induced by cytokines that are triggered by TLRs

Question 12

Anatomical barriers

Answer 12

Skin, mucous membranes

Question 13

Physiologic barriers

Answer 13

Temperature, low pH, chemical mediators

Question 14

Inflammatory barriers

Answer 14

Tissue damage and infection induce leakage of vascular fluid which contains serum proteins with antibacterial activity, influx of phagocytic cells

Question 15

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 15

Dendritic cells and macrophages, bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Question 16

Acquired (adaptive) immunity

Answer 16

Response of lymphocytes to specific antigen, immunologic memory, active and passive

Question 17

Cells of adaptive immune system

Answer 17

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8), helper T cells (CD4), suppressor T cells, B cells

Question 18

T lymphocytes

Answer 18

Cellular immunity and regulation

Question 19

B lymphocytes

Answer 19

Produce antibodies, humoral

Question 20

Ig

Answer 20

Protein that can bind to an antigen

Question 21

Functions of immunoglobulins

Answer 21

Neutralize, opsonization, agglutination, activate complement, increase natural killer cell activity

Question 22

Opsonization

Answer 22

Coat/cover bacteria to enhance attractiveness of foreign agent to macrophages and neutrophils

Question 23

Agglutination

Answer 23

Multiple pathogens are aggregated by antibody molecules

Question 24

IgM

Answer 24

First Ig produced after infection, activates complement

Pentamer

Question 25

IgG

Answer 25

Most abundant, opsonizes and neutralizes viruses and toxins

Monomer

Question 26

IgA

Answer 26

At mucosal surfaces, neutralizes bacteria and viruses

Dimer

Question 27

IgE

Answer 27

Binds avidly to mast cell membranes, allergies

Monomer

Question 28

IgD

Answer 28

Acts as an antigen receptor on B cells, not much secreted

Monomer

Question 29

Two ways to provoke active acquired immunity

Answer 29

Infection with organism and vaccination

Question 30

Passive acquired immunity

Answer 30

Gift of premade antibodies, short lasting, 2 weeks to 6 months

Question 31

Three types of passive acquired immunity

Answer 31

Natural, blood serum injections, laboratory produced antibodies

Question 32

Natural passive acquired immunity

Answer 32

Via trans-placental transport or via colostrum

Question 33

Species with trans-placental transport of antibodies

Answer 33

Humans, monkeys, rodents, dogs, cats

Question 34

Species with no trans-placental transfer of antibodies

Answer 34

Horse, cow, sheep, pig, goat

Question 35

Blood serum injections

Answer 35

Blood from hyper-immune animals are injected into another animal, gives about 2 weeks of protection