Immunology

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Average size of 0.5-5 micro meters long.
Do not have membrane-bound organelles and so are prokaryotic.

Question 2

Fungi

Answer 2

Eukaryotic as they have chromosomes contained within the nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 3

Protists

Answer 3

Eukaryotic and mostly unicellular.

Question 4

Viruses

Answer 4

Neither eukaryotic or prokaryotic so therefore are acellular.

Question 5

Examples of bacterial diseases

Answer 5

Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
TB

Question 6

Examples of viruses

Answer 6

Common cold
Measles
Mumps

Question 7

Examples of fungi

Answer 7

Yeast infection

Question 8

Example of prion

Answer 8

CJD

Question 9

Example of protists

Answer 9

Malaria

Question 10

Example of parasites

Answer 10

Toxoplasmosis.

Question 11

Methods of direct transmission

Answer 11

Skin-to-skin contact
Contaminated surfaces
Sharing of needles

Question 12

Methods of airborne transmission

Answer 12

Pathogens that are carried by dust or droplets in the air so you inhale infected droplets.

Question 13

Methods of Indirect transmission

Answer 13

Vehicle transmission occurs when infected food or water is ingested.
Can occur through infected blood or inanimate objects.
Bitten by an infected vector.

Question 14

How do infectious diseases spread among populations and communities?

Answer 14

Inadequate sanitation - lack of access to clean water for washing.

Inadequate sewage disposal - increases risk of fecal-oral transmission.

Overcrowding

Lack of public health promotion meaning people are less likely to take the necessary precautions needed.

Question 15

Antigen

Answer 15

A substance that is recognized by the immune system as self or non self and stimulates immune response.

Question 16

Antibody

Answer 16

Blood protein produced in response to a specific antigen.

Question 17

Physical barrier to keep pathogens out

Answer 17

Skin

Question 18

Chemical barriers that keep pathogens out

Answer 18

Mucous membranes
Goblet cells that produce thick, sticky secretions that trap bacteria.

Question 19

How do mast cells respond to tissue damage?

Answer 19

Secretion of histamine

Question 20

What do activated T cells bind to?

Answer 20

Non-self antigens on infected cells.

Question 21

When B cells are activated, what response does this lead to?

Answer 21

Antibody response.

Question 22

Cell-mediated response

Answer 22

T cells destroys pathogens by destroying infected body cells.

Question 23

Antibody-mediated response

Answer 23

B cells produce antibodies and the antibodies leads to the destruction of pathogens.

Question 24

Primary response

Answer 24

Occurs when we are infected by a pathogen and it takes the body 10-17 days to produce antibodies.

Question 25

Secondary immune response

Answer 25

Occurs when we are infected with the same pathogen after some time so the antibodies are produced in larger amounts rapidly.