Immunology

Question 1

Pathogen

Answer 1

Disease-causing microorganism (virus, parasites, fungi, bacteria)

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

Virus that only targets bacteria

Question 3

Cytokine

Answer 3

Any protein secreted by immune cells that affects the behavior of nearby cells

Question 4

Chemokines

Answer 4

Secreted proteins that attract cells bearing chemokine receptors out of the bloodstream and into affected tissue

Question 5

Regulatory T-cells

Answer 5

Innate or induced T-cells that suppress the immune system (e.g. after an infection has been cleared)

Question 6

Active immunization

Answer 6

Injection of antigen which leads to the production of memory cells and antibodies (humoral immunization), ready to activate immune response when infected

Question 7

Passive immunization

Answer 7

Injection of previously produced antibodies into a patient, therapy method

Question 8

Autoimmune disease

Answer 8

Disease resulting from a disordered immune reaction in which antibodies are produced against one‘s own tissue (e.g. multiple sclerosis, diabetes type I)

Question 9

What is neutralization?

Answer 9

Antibodies bind to toxin / antigen and make it neutral

Question 10

What is Opsonization?

Answer 10

Antibodies bind to the pathogen and macrophage engulfs it

Question 11

What is complement activation?

Answer 11

Antibodies bind to bacterium and activate complement system

Question 12

What is agglomeration?

Answer 12

Antibodies clump with antigens together