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List of Important Terms > Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

Genetic Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative splicing

A

Increases protein diversity, because it cuts pre-mRNA in many different ways —> different mRNAs —> different proteins

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2
Q

Sticky ends

A

Single stranded overhangs

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3
Q

Blunt ends

A

Double-strand cut

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4
Q

Restriction enzymes

A

An enzyme that cuts the DNA sequence specific; recognition site: palindromic

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5
Q

Reverse transcription

A

Changes RNA (mRNA, viral RNA) into cDNA for further analysis; uses reverse transcriptase

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6
Q

Taq-polymerase

A

Synthesizes the DNA strand in PCR; heat resistant DNA polymerase

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7
Q

Real-time PCR (qPCR)

A

Measure the amount of replicated DNA as the reaction progresses (fluorescent)

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8
Q

Microsattelite / STR

A

2-10repetitions; unknown function; amount of it varies between humans

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9
Q

Conjugation

A

Transfer of genetic material via direct cell-to-cell contact (F plasmid; sex-Pilus)

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10
Q

Transformation

A

Uptake of free-floating DNA from the environment

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11
Q

Transduction

A

Transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage

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12
Q

Hybridization probe

A

Short DNA molecule that is connected to a molecular marker, which is used to detect DNA sequences

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13
Q

Vector

A

„Vesicle“ that transfers DNA into a cell (eg. plasmid)

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14
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Synthesized and genetically modified DNA using restriction enzymes and ligation (eg plasmid)

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15
Q

Transfection

A

Transfer of DNA/RNA into an animal cell (via viral vector / liposome)

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16
Q

Genetic markers

A

Short, localized DNA sequences in a larger DNA molecule that are used to select and identify cells with a successful gene transfer (genes for antibiotic resistance)

17
Q

Telomere

A

Short, non-coding, repetitive DNA sequences at the end of cms; prevents shortening of cms (coding parts)

18
Q

Blastocyst

A

Stage of embryo; after 5-6 days; containing pluripotent stem cells

List of Important Terms (8 decks)

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