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IPIID > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

antigenic epitope

A

part of pathogen that the surface immunoglobulin binds to

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2
Q

antigen binding specificity

A

antigens from one disease don’t work for all disesaase

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3
Q

antigens

A

anything that can be bound by immunoglobulins, but don’t produce an antibody

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4
Q

immunogens

A

subset of antigens that bind to Ig with the result of production of antibody

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5
Q

T or F all immuogens are antigens but not all antigens are immunogens

A

true

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6
Q

what factors influence immunogencity

A

foreignness (how different it is from human genome), size (how large?), structural diversity (lots of branching?) , chemical composition - is it a protein? carbohydrate, fatty acid? nucleic acid?

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7
Q

two light chains

A

lambda, kappa

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8
Q

in any one antibody

A

either two lambda or 2 kappa.. for short chains

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9
Q

IgG

A

2 gamma chains

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10
Q

IgA

A

2 alpha chains

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11
Q

IgM

A

2 mu chains

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12
Q

IgD

A

2 delta chains

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13
Q

IgE

A

2 epsilon chains

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14
Q

IgA,G,M,D andE held together by which type of bonds

A

are heavy chain types, disulfide bonds

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15
Q

Fc region

A

biological activity or effector region, receptors of immune system bind to effect some function of immunity

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16
Q

Fc region

A

more constant than highly variable region of Fab

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17
Q

N-termini

A

ends of Fab region

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18
Q

C-termini

A

Fc region

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19
Q

CDR

A

complementarity determining regions

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20
Q

CDR in light chains and heavy chains

A

3 in each

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21
Q

Ab idiotype

A

defined by a unique paratope that binds to a distinct Ag epitope; paratope is the site of Ab that binds to Ag epitope

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22
Q

Paratope

A

site of Ab that binds to Ag epitope, comprised of heavy chain and light chain variable domain

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23
Q

Isotype

A

different heavy chains (constant region) comprised of 2 chains for each (eg. IgG1 IgG2a, IgM)

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24
Q

allotype

A

genetic variant that is due to mutations in C region within the same or different isotype; associated with C

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25
Q

IgM

A

primary antibody (because it is the first antibody that is released in a primary adaptive immune resposne)

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26
Q

IgG

A

most prevalent during secondary antibody responses

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27
Q

immunoglobulin on B cell also referred to as

A

B cell receptor

28
Q

IgM

A

primary Ab secreted as a pentamere, excellent complement activator. can help with neutralizer

29
Q

IgG

A

secondary antibody, 85% of total Ig, monomer, crosses placenta, 4 subtypes of IgG in humans (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4)

30
Q

IgG1 and IgG3

A

neutraliation, opsonization by phagocytosis, activating complement, Nk activation pathway, antibody dependent cellular toxicity

31
Q

IgA

A

mucosal protectant, found in serum (monomer) mucosal IR (dimer, secretory IgA) actions include neutralization, opsonization, complement activation, Ab dependent cellular cytotoxicity (nk activity)

32
Q

J chain

A

holds 2 ends of IgA monomer together to make dimer

33
Q

IgG has what region

A

hinge region - flexible in binding , most prevalent in secondary immune response in both blood and lymph

34
Q

Ig most prevalent in blood and lymph

A

IgG

35
Q

Ig most prevalent in mucosa

A

IgA, expressed as dimer, held together by j chain

36
Q

IgD

A

monomer, co-expresed with IgM on mature B cells, may facilitate Ag binding by naive B cells, secreted at very low levels in blood

37
Q

IgE

A

monomer, type 1 hypersensitivity. binds to mast cells and basophils.

38
Q

CD4

A

MCHII receptor

39
Q

foreign (immunogenicity)

A

more foreign = more immunogenic

40
Q

Size and immunogenicity

A

larger size (>500 kdalton) more immunogenic; more surface area / epitopes

41
Q

structural diversity and immunogenicity

A

more diverse more likely to have a response

42
Q

chemical composition and immunogenicity

A

proteins more immunogenic than carbohydrates. carbohydrates more immunogenic than nucleic acids. nucleic acid more immunogenic than fatty acids

43
Q

neutralization

A

just by antibody binding to antigen, can take out toxin or pathogen and keep it from binding its receptor

44
Q

istotype

A

A class or subclass of Ig, determed by heavy chain (specifically in the ch region)

45
Q

allotype

A

genetic variant that is due to mutations in the Ch region within the same or different isotypes associated with Ch

46
Q

the region of the antibody responsible for its biological or effector function is the

A

heavy chain constant region

47
Q

primary reponse

A

first time we respond to any pathogen IgM

48
Q

secondary response

A

IgG (in blood and lymph most prevalent) outside of mucus.

49
Q

IgA - where is it secreted?

A

most prevalent in mucosa (muscosal protective), released by plasma cell in lamina propria - transported across enterocyte border, fastened to mucus layer in the lumen.

50
Q

alpha beta TCR

A

less conservative in binding, more diverse.

51
Q

gamma delta TCR

A

less variable, more conservative in antigen binding, tend to be important early in the immune response, they do seem more like innate immune cells, but are adaptive immune cells. less diverse.

52
Q

MHC restriction

A

T cell receptors, on T cells have to bind both to peptide antigen and determinants of MHC. Even if they could recognize the peptide, but cant recognize the MHC then they aren’t selected.

53
Q

CD8 T cells

A

MHC I presenting Ag

54
Q

CD4 T Cells

A

MHC II presenting peptide anntigen

55
Q

Expression of MHC I vs MCH II

A

MHC I = T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils compared to MCH II - B cells, dendritic cells, and thymic epithelium, some macrophage

56
Q

which MHC receptor is more ubiquitously expressed

A

MHC I

56
Q

which class MHC is expressed mainly on AFCs

A

class II

57
Q

compare and contrast MHC I and MHC II

A

they have beta pleated sheets, both have alpha helices. MHC II beta chain and alpha chain = create peptide binding groove.

58
Q

MHC I - designed to load ..?

A

loaded with cytosolic antigens (what pathogens get into cytosol?) intracellular organisms, LOADS peptides from INTRACELLULAR pathogens.

59
Q

what type of t cell recognizes MHC I peptide?

A

CD8 T cells - when activated become cytotoxic T lymphocytes can kill those infected with intracellular pathogens!!!

60
Q

CD4

A
  • master regulator, intracellular and extracellular.
61
Q

MHC II

A

intracellular and extracellular pathogens

62
Q

Regions of MHC gene locus

A

chromosome 6

63
Q

Class I region

A

encodes MHC I (alpha chain)

64
Q

Class II region gene

A

MHC II encodes both alpha and beta chain domain

65
Q
A

IPIID (6 decks)

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