Immunology Flashcards
Whats a vaccine made of
A dead / weakend parts or whole pathogens
Passive immunity
Introduction of antibodies from outside source. Short lived immunity.
Active immunity
Stimlulates the production of antibodies by the bodys own immune system. Long- lasting
What make a vaccine programme succesful
Few side effects Store and transport Herd immunity Trained staff to administer Econominc tp produce in sufficient quantities
What makes a vaccine programme unsuccesful
Some people dont become immune
An develop striaght after vaccine
Pathogen may mutate frequently
Ethical or religlous reasons
What is non specific immunity
Respond in the same way to all types of pathogens . Phagocytosis and barriers to entry
Specific immunity
The response is slower but different for different pathogens
Whats an antigen
Any part of an organism or substance that is recognised as non-self ( foreign) by the immune system
Humoral immunity
B cells which are stimulated by helper t cells. Involves antibodies found in blood. When an antigen enters the body it will be recognised by the antibody of 1 type of b cell, this B cell will display the antigen on its surface, stimulating the b cell to undergo mitosis and the antibodie that are released ar monoclonal.
Cell- mediated immunity
T cells which are specific and respond to phagocytes that have broken down a pathogen, body cells invaded by virus, cancer cells, transplanted cells
What do cloned B cells turn into
Plasma cells which are short lived and a primary response
Memory cells which live for decades and are secondary response
Antibodies
Can change at the ‘hinge’ of y to fit around antigen to form antigen-antibody complex, which leads to agglutination, which aids pahgocytes to detect the pathogen. Contains heavy and light chain.
