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General Pathological mechanisms > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of a type I hypersensitivity reaction

A

Allergy/asthma

  • The antigen binds to IgE antibody on mast cells
  • Triggers release of histamine causing inflamamtion
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2
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of type IV hypersensitivity reaction

A

Contact dermatitis/organ rejection

  • CD4 T cells recognise cellular antigens, activating phagocytes
  • Cell mediated cytotoxicity
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3
Q

What activates the complement pathway?

A

IgM and IgG forming antibody-antigen complexes

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4
Q

What antibody is found in breast milk?

A

IgA

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5
Q

What is the role of helper T (CD4) cells?

A

Cell mediated response:

- Produces IL-2

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6
Q

What is the role of cytotoxic (CD8) cells?

A

Cell mediated response:

- Induced apoptosis in tumour and virally infected cells

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7
Q

What is the role of cytotoxic (CD8) cells?

A

Cell mediated response:

- Induced apoptosis in tumour and virally infected cells

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8
Q

What is the role of B cells?

A

Antigen presenting cell

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9
Q

What is the role of a plasma cell?

A

Produces antibodies specific to a certain antigen

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10
Q

What is the role of macrophages?

A

Phagocytosios of foreign cells and antigen presentation

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11
Q

What antibody is found in non-blood fluids?

A

IgA

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12
Q

What is the treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

IM adrenaline

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13
Q

How is the classical complement pathway activated?

A

IgM and IgG creating a complex with the antigen

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14
Q

What is the role of neutrophils?

A

Phagocytosis

- Their death causes pus

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15
Q

What is the role of eosinophils?

A

Combat parasitic infection via release of toxins and degranulation
- Drives inflammation via release of cytokines

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16
Q

What does MHC I present to?

A

CD8 cells

17
Q

What does MHC II present to?

A

CD4 cells

18
Q

Describe type I hypersensitivity

A

IgE mediated release of histamine from a mast cell

19
Q

Describe type II hypersensitivity

A

Mediated by IgM and IgG binding to antigens on body cells

- Common cause of autoimmune conditions

20
Q

Describe type III hypersensitivity

A

Mediated by complexes of IgM and IgG with antigen

- Cause of drug reactions

21
Q

Describe type IV hypersensitivity

A

Cell mediated by T cells

- delayed reaction

22
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Rheumatoid arthritis?

A 
Chronic inflammatory condition
- Swollen painful joints
- Skin inflammation
- Pericarditis
_ Pulmonary nodules
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Inflixumab?

A

Mono-clonal antibody of TNF-a

- Prevents TNF-a from binding to its receptor

24
Q

What conditions can be treated by influximab?

A

RA, ulcerative Crohns, psoriasis

General Pathological mechanisms (4 decks)

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