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Derm MSL/Tremfya > Immunology 101 > Flashcards

Immunology 101 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the immune system?

A

The body’s defense system against potentially harmful substances.

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2
Q

What is the thymus?

A

Bi-lobed organ located in the chest cavity. It houses T lymphocytes during maturation and produces hormones that support T cell maturation.

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3
Q

What are the two types of immunity?

A

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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4
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

The body’s “first line of defense;” mounted quickly and is not specifically targeted to a particular pathogen

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5
Q

What are the cellular components of the innate immune system?

A

Phagocytes (neutrophil & macrophages), natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells

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6
Q

The most abundant type of WBC that mediate early innate immune responses.

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

Mature form of monocytes

A

Macrophages

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8
Q

What is complement?

A

A group of plasma proteins that enhance the immune response

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9
Q

What two immunity types make up the adaptive immunity?

A

Humoral immunity & cell-mediated immunity

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10
Q

Humoral immunity is mediated by which cell type?

A

B cells

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11
Q

Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by which cell type?

A

T cells

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12
Q

The lymphoid lineage gives eventual rise to what type of innate immune cell?

A

NK cell

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13
Q

NK cells are also called?

A

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs)

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14
Q

True of False: NK cells play key roles in innate immune response against intracellular viruses and bacteria by directly killing infected cells.

A

True

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15
Q

___________ secrete cytokines that recruit immune cells to the site of infection, serve as antigen-presenting cells, and stimulate growth of new blood vessels.

A

Macrophages

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16
Q

These cells link innate and adaptive immunity.

A

Dendritic cells

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17
Q

The primary role of this cell is clearance of parasitic worms (helminths), but also capable of phagocytosis.

A

Eosinophils

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18
Q

True or False: Basophils are structurally and functionally similar to mast cells.

A

True

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19
Q

This cell is the first WBC to respond to infection as they migrate from circulation to tissue; they are also called polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)

A

Neutrophils

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20
Q

These three cells are considered to be antigen-presenting cells.

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells

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21
Q

What are the three subtypes of T cells?

A

Helper T cells (Th), Cytotoxic T cells (Tc), Regulatory T cells (Treg); they are collectively known as effector cells

22
Q

Class __ MHC play a key role in activating and communicating with cytotoxic T cells.

A

I

23
Q

Class II MHC are found only on cells that present antigen to ________ T cells

A

Helper

24
Q

Helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells can become ______ T cells

A

Memory

25
Q

True or False: Th2 cells mediate most aspects of cellular immunity.

A

False; Th1 cells mediate most aspects of cellular immunity

26
Q

This helper T cell subtype links the adaptive and innate immunity by release IL-17.

A

Th17 cells

27
Q

Helper T cells are CD__ positive cells

A

4

28
Q

Cytotoxic T cells are CD__ positive cells

A

8

29
Q

What are the 3 major subtypes of B cells

A

Follicular B cells, Marginal Zone B cell, B-1 cell

30
Q

What are the 5 classes of immunoglobulins (Igs)

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD

31
Q

True or False: Antibodies are made up of 2 light chains and 2 heavy chains.

A

True

32
Q

The antigen-binding site or fragment of antigen binding (Fab) is located in the ______ region.

A

Variable

33
Q

The stem region of an antibody is also known as the ___ fragment and it is this area that binds to ___ receptors.

A

Fc

34
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Redness (erythema), heat, swelling (edema), pain, and loss of function

35
Q

Which T cell subsets are the primary drivers of chronic inflammation?

A

Th1, Th2, Th17

36
Q

IBD stands for?

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

37
Q

IBD encompasses which conditions?

A

Crohn’s disease (CD) & Ulcerative colitis (UC)

38
Q

Immediate: Type I hypersensitivity is associated with what initial immune mechanism?

A

Production of IgE antibodies

39
Q

Antibody-mediated (subacute): Type II hypersensitivity is associated with what initial immune mechanism?

A

Production of IgG and IgM antibodies

40
Q

Immune complex-mediated: Type III hypersensitivity is associated with what initial immune mechanism?

A

Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissue

41
Q

T cell mediated: Type IV hypersensitivity is associated with what initial immune mechanism?

A

Activation of T cells

42
Q

Type I hypersensitivity is also most commonly thought of as?

A

Allergic reactions

43
Q

Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis, IBD, and RA are examples of _______ autoimmune disease

A

Systemic (as opposed to organ-specific; example of organ-specific = MS (brain), Myasthenia Gravis (muscle))

44
Q

True or False: Chimeric mAbs consist of murine variable regions and human IgG constant regions.

A

True

45
Q

Framework (source) nomenclature for chimeric mAbs (i.e. chemical name ends in…)

A

-ximab

46
Q

Framework (source) nomenclature for humanized mAbs (i.e. chemical name ends in…)

A

-zumab

47
Q

Human anti-human antibodies (HAHAs) can develop to which kind of monoclonal antibody?

A

Humanized and Fully-human mAbs

48
Q

Human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMAs) and Human anti-chimeric antibodies can form to which kind of mAb?

A

Chimeric mAbs

49
Q

Framework (source) nomenclature for fully-human mAbs (i.e. chemical name ends in…)

A

-umab

50
Q

IL-12 is a heterodimer made up of which two subunits?

A

P40 & P35

51
Q

IL-23 is a heterodimer made up of which two subunits?

A

P40 & P19

52
Q

IL-12 and IL-23 share which subunit?

A

P40

Derm MSL/Tremfya (8 decks)

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