Immunology 1

Question 1

How does the primary organs of the immune system arise from?

Answer 1

Stem cells from the yolk sac to the fetal liver to bone marrow then some of them to the thymus. All happening in utero

Question 2

What does secondary organs of the immune system include?

Answer 2

Lymph nodes, spleen, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT),

Question 3

Where does MALT cells live in?

Answer 3

Under mucosal barriers (under the tear ducts)

Question 4

How many people did smallpox kill? (out of 10?)

Answer 4

1/10

Question 5

Who vaccinated against smallpox

Answer 5

Edward Jenner

Question 6

What is another name for cowpox

Answer 6

Vaccinia

Question 7

Is immunity specific?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is vaccination?

Answer 8

IMMUNISATION against ONLY COWPOX (vaccinia), NO ONE HAS BEEN VACCINATED

Question 9

What is an antigen?

Answer 9

An immunogen (a substance which can induce a response)

Question 10

What is a hapten?

Answer 10

A small molecule that is foreign, has to be carried by a larger molecule in a serum to become a full antigen

Question 11

What is a tolerogen?

Answer 11

seen as foreign but you are tolerant to it, therefore it can’t be an antigen. An antigen in utero becomes a tolerogen

Question 12

What is specific about an antigen?

Answer 12

Seen as foreign and ALSO DANGEROUS

Question 13

3 lines of host defenses?

Answer 13

Coverings of the Body, Innate immune response, adaptive (acquired)

Question 14

why is the skin and mucus linings not friendly for microorganisms?

Answer 14

Epidermis, Mucus, pH, Enzymes

Question 15

first step of the innate immune response?

Answer 15

Inflammation

Question 16

What is the first cell to be activated by a foreign dangerous material

Answer 16

A fixed tissue macrophage

Question 17

What does bacteria carry?

Answer 17

PAMPs

Question 18

Innate response are only made from cellular factors t/f

Answer 18

F, also has humoral factors

Question 19

Name the 3 phagocytic cells

Answer 19

neutrophils, macrophages, interdigitating dendritic cells

Question 20

What are the cellular factors of the innate immune response?

Answer 20

phagocytic cells, and cells with inflammatory mediators

Question 21

What are the humoral factors of the innate immune response?

Answer 21

acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, complement, interleukins)
cytokinins (interferon alpha)

Question 22

What is the myeloid system of development

Answer 22

polymorphicneuclear neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, dentritic cells, and the lymphatic system

Question 23

Name the 2 monocytics cells

Answer 23

Macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 24

Name 3 polymorphonuclear granulocytes

Answer 24

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 25

what is the definition for humoral factors

Answer 25

things dissolved in fluid

Question 26

innate immunity has memory t/f

Answer 26

f

Question 27

dendritic cells only holds foregin substances inside it, t/f

Answer 27

f

Question 28

what does the fixed tissue macrophage do after being activated by a foreign substance?

Answer 28

sends out the macrophage derived neutrophil chemotactic factor, and attracts neutrophils

Question 29

how does a neutrophil enter the infected site?

Answer 29

diapedesis

Question 30

what happened to the neutrophil after the ingestion of foreign material/substance

Answer 30

dies and produces pus