Immunology 1 2 - basics and AB

Question 1

List non-specific host defences

Answer 1

Skin, mucous membranes, temp, low ph (stomach), chemicals (lysozyme, interferon, complement) phagocytes, inflammation

Question 2

B cell - briefly

Answer 2

covered in antibodies. Become plasma cell when activated, also creates memory B cell

Question 3

Th cells

Answer 3

CD4 cells and T cell receptor

Question 4

Tc cells

Answer 4

CD8 cells and T cell receptor. Kills infected cells (ie virally infected). There are effector Tc and memory Tc.

Question 5

Humoral response

Answer 5

aka Antibody response. B cell becomes plasma cell and produces Ab. Th cell helps plasma cell proliferation via cytokines

Question 6

Cell-mediated response

Answer 6

Th cells (MHCII) activated by antigen presenting cell, produce cytokines which help B and Tc cells. Tc cells bind MHCI and kill infected cell

Question 7

Path of bacteria upon entry through breakage in skin (normal)

Answer 7

Local infection. Complement, phagocytes, cytokines, macrophages, etc. Dendritic cells take it to lymph, interact with T and B cells, produce adaptive immunity

Question 8

Clonal expansion

Answer 8

When a B cell is activated by antigen interaction, it will proliferate to produce many daughter plasma cells and memory B cells.

Question 9

MCHI and MCHII subclasses

Answer 9

MCHI has A, B, C. MCHII has DP, DQ, DR. Just bind different groups of peptides. Inherit from mom and dad, so you have 12 technically.

Question 10

Generation of AB diversity

Answer 10

random combos of heavy and light chain. Random combo of V,D, and V,D,J regions. Changes in the spice sites b/w regions. Somatic mutations in development. Different C regions for different classes.

Question 11

Structure of antibody

Answer 11

Fc receptor for bonding complement. Light chain has constant region, Heavy has one in the arms and then 2 or more in the stem. Hyper-variable regions in both heavy and light - the three segments on each are not close sequentially but come together in space

Question 12

IgM

Answer 12

First to be made. Pentamer, connected by S-S and J chain. 4 constant regions.Can also exist as monomer as a cell surface receptor (on B cells)

Question 13

IgG

Answer 13

Most abundant in blood. 4 subtypes (1-4). 3 constant regions.

Question 14

IgA

Answer 14

Released in secretions as a dimer or trimer (connected by J piece)

Question 15

IgE

Answer 15

4 constant regions. Reacts in allergies, stimulate histamine release. Not common

Question 16

IgD

Answer 16

Enigma. Not common

Question 17

Types of determinants

Answer 17

Conformational (3D structure, undenatured). Linear (some only bindable when denatured, some are either) Neoantigenic (determinant only exists when part of antigen is cleaved or phosphorylated)

Question 18

AB complexes types

Answer 18

AB excess: small complexes, not much agglutination. Large complexes: equal AB and antigen, lots of agglutination. Antigen excess: small complexes again b/c AB is saturated

Question 19

Where do many immune complexes fall out of solution? Problems?

Answer 19

Many in glomeruli (slow and convoluted) and skin (cooler) and joints. Can result in inflammation reaction in vessels.