Enterics and review stuff

Question 1

Enterobacteriaceae family

Answer 1

Gram negative bacilli, gut loving. Usually aerobic. Lots of them (don’t memorize)

Question 2

Coliforms

Answer 2

ferment lactose, groups: Enterobacter, escherischia, klebsiella

Question 3

Non-coliforms

Answer 3

non lactose fermenting. Sometimes normal (sometimes not): morganella, edwardsiella, proteus

Question 4

Pathogenic non coliforms

Answer 4

Never good to find. Salmonella, shigella, yersinia

Question 5

Culturing enterics

Answer 5

McKonkie Agar that differentiates b/w lactose fermentors and non

Question 6

E coli and names

Answer 6

O (LPS antigen) and H (flagella antigen), ex. E coli O157:H7. The is K too for capsular (less common)

Question 7

Klebsiella pathogenesis to cuase UTI

Answer 7

escape from gut into urinary tract, adhere via pili, avoid phagocytosis, cause tissue damage, get into bloodstream

Question 8

Aspiration pneumonia and enterics?

Answer 8

Typically in large bowel, but in alcoholics they move up to the stomach, can get into lungs

Question 9

Tx for UTI

Answer 9

TMXSMX, 1st gen cephalosporin, penicillins (increasing resistance to these)

Question 10

HENPEK

Answer 10

H influenzae, enteric gram negs, neisseria, proteus, e coli, klebsiella

Question 11

Tx for enteric gram neg

Answer 11

Ciprofloxacin, TMP SMX, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

Question 12

Capsule bacteria

Answer 12

Neisseria, H influenza, S pneumonia

Question 13

Bacteriocidal drugs would be used most for…

Answer 13

bloodborne infections that are serious.

Question 14

Granuloma formation

Answer 14

Activated macrophages unsuccessful; T cell response recruits TH1, TNFa release, T cells and macrophages wall off area.

Question 15

3 airborne diseases

Answer 15

TB, measles, chickenpox

Question 16

Eosinophilia

Answer 16

Parasites, allergies, connective issues, cancer

Question 17

Measles rundown

Answer 17

Resp droplet and airborne, replication in lymph nodes, viremia, activates cell mediated immunity - Infected endothelial cells = Koplick’s spots; infected epithelial cells = rash (low Vit A or low T cell = no rash, but can cause pneumonia and death)

Question 18

Measles and Rubella - rash progression

Answer 18

Measles: Like dumping paint on your head. Starts at head, come together, then moves down. Rubella: starts in trunk and face, then to peripheries

Question 19

B-19 review

Answer 19

Slapped cheek look. Can infect RBC and cause aplastic crisis… In adults causes lacey rash

Question 20

What causes fever, then feel better, than rash?

Answer 20

HSV 6,7. Variola??

Question 21

Vesicular rash

Answer 21

VZV and Coxsackie

Question 22

VZV

Answer 22

Chicken pox/shingles

Question 23

Coxsackie virus

Answer 23

Hand foot and mouth blisters

Question 24

Tineas

Answer 24

Like keratin/lipids. Always on surfaces. Tx: topical agents.

Question 25

RSV common presentation

Answer 25

common in young children, barking cough

Question 26

Pathogenesis of H influenzae

Answer 26

Droplet or contact; adhesion via pili or LOS, local replication in nasopharynx; Yes capsule: invade bloodstream, can seed distantly and resists phagocytosis; No capsule: spread on mucous, middle ear, sinus, LRT; Both: LOS causes inflammation and tissue necrosis

Question 27

Top drugs to cover S aureus

Answer 27

Cloxacillin or ampicillin+clavulanate; vancomycin for MRSA

Question 28

Top drugs to cover S pyogenes

Answer 28

PENICILLIN; Amoxicillin; Pen + clinda (for nec fasc/toxic shock)

Question 29

Bat bite

Answer 29

Clean the wound, rabies vaccine, rabies Ig

Question 30

What causes grey teeth?

Answer 30

Tetracycline! Don’t use in pregnancy or young kids