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MLS Blood Bank > Immunohematology > Flashcards

Immunohematology Flashcards

1
Q

Antigens passively attached to red blood cells are bound by antibodies:

A

indirect (passive) hemagglutination

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2
Q

A graft exchanged between a brother and sister who are not identical twins is defined as a:

A

allograft

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3
Q

A graft from one point of a persons body to another:

A

autograft

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4
Q

A graft of tissue between two identical indivduals?

A

isograft

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5
Q

Where are Class I MHC antigens found?

A

on platelets and nucleated cells

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6
Q

Where are Class II MHC antigens found?

A

B cells, macrophages, activated T lymphs and dendridic cells

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7
Q

Which of the following conditions is the thymus congenitally missing or extrememly reduced in size?

A

DiGeorge syndrome

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8
Q

This antibody is associated with PHN (paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)

A

Anti-P

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9
Q

This antibody is associated with cold agglutinin disease and mycoplasma pneumoniae infections?

A

Anti-I

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10
Q

This antibody is associated with infectious mononucleosis?

A

Anti-i

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11
Q

Reduces net charge of RBCs, allowing them to come closer together?

A

albumin

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12
Q

Lowers ionic strength of suspending medium, allowing ags and abs to move closer together more rapidly. Reduces incubation time for IAT.

A

LISS

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13
Q

Increases ab uptake?

A

PEG

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14
Q

Reduces RBC surface charge by cleaving sialic acid molecules. MNS Fya antigens destroyed

A

Enzymes (ficin, papain)

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15
Q

Stimulated by 1st exposure to ag
Lag phase days to months
Type of Ab at first IgG may switch to IgG 2-3 wks
Rises slowly, peaks, then declines

A

primary response

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16
Q

Stimulated by subsequent exposure to ag
Lag phase hours
IgM mediated
Rises faster and higher, stays elevated longer

A

Secondary reponse

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17
Q

Anti-A 4+
Anti-B 0
A1 cells 1+
B cells 4+

A

A2 with anti-A1

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18
Q

Anti-A 4+
Anti-B 4+
A1-4+
B cells 4+

A

rouleaux or AB with cold alloantibody

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19
Q

If a patient has hypogammaglobulinemia, cold autoantibodies, and IgM alloantibodies what results could be invaild?

A

ABO serum grouping

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20
Q

A patient has development of bilateral pulmonary edema what is characterized by this?

A

TRALI

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21
Q

Too large a volume or too rapid of rate for transfusion can cause what?

A

TACO (Transfusion-associated circulatory overload)

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22
Q

Le Se H

A

Le(a-b+) Secrets all a, b and H

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23
Q

Le sese

A

Le(a+b-)

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24
Q

lele sese

lele Se

A

Le(a-b-)

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25
Q

What is a clinally significant antibody that binds complement?

A

Jka

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26
Q

M/N ab are well developed at birth and are susceptible to enzymes T/F

A

T

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27
Q

This dissociates RBC-bound IgG allowing the accurate phenotyping of patient cells when the DAT is positive:

A

Glycine acid EDTA

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28
Q

Why are donor platelets gently agitated?

A

to maintain the pH by promoting gas exchange

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29
Q

Which of the following blood groups reacts best with an anit-H or anti-IH?

A

O

30
Q

Quality control for a unit of RBCs requires a maximum hematocrit level of:

A

80%

31
Q

A disadvantage for both gel and soild phase technology is:

A

inability to detect C3d complement-coated cells

32
Q

use of refrigerated, clotted blood sample in which complement components coats RBC’s in vitro can cause a false positive what?

A

DAT

33
Q

How many weeks do you have to wait to donate blood again?

A

8 weeks

34
Q

ACD/CPD/CPD2 additives have give blood a shelf life of how many days?

A

21

35
Q

CPDA-1 additives give blood a shelf life of how many days?

A

35

36
Q

What autoantibody specificity if most likely found in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria?

A

P

37
Q

How many genes encode for the following Rh antigens: DCEce?

A

two (RHD, RHCE)

38
Q

Why would IgG be preferred over AHG in an antibody screen?

A

Interference from non-red cell stimulated cold antibodies in patient sera is reduced because the attachment of complement is not detected.

39
Q

What is the cut off age to donate if you contracted hepatitis as a child?

A

11

40
Q

What type of sensitivity involves hematuria and a sudden drop in Hgb?

A

Type II

41
Q

The surface of MHC class II gene products is important in:

A

antigen recognition by T lypmphocytes (antigen presenting cells)

42
Q

What product must contain >150 mg of fibrinogen and >80 IU/ bag of Factor VIII?

A

cryoprecipitate

43
Q

What product is used for multiple coagulation deficiencies, Factor XI deficiency, and other congenital deficiencies for which no concentrate is available?

A

FFP

44
Q

If a unit is found to have a significant antibody which portion of the blood can not be used?

A

FFP

45
Q

Ulex europaeus tests for what?

A

H antigen

46
Q

If ulex eruoaues is tested against a patients red blood cells and it is negative what is the patients phenotype?

A

O h phyenotype

47
Q

Which antibodies bind complement?

A

I, Kidd (jka, Jkb), Lewis(Lea, Leb)

48
Q

If a patient has hypofibrinogenemia what blood product is best?

A

cryo

49
Q

These cells contain O positive cells coated with anti-D

A

Coomb’s control cells

50
Q

What antibodies can be neutralized with pooled human plasma?

A

anit-Cha and anti-Rga

Chido and Rogers

51
Q

Large spike on serum protein electrophoresis in the gamma region, proliferation of B lyphocytes

A

Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

52
Q

Lewis antibodies can be absent when a patient is?

A

pregnant

53
Q

Testing native antigens of the red blood cells are bound by antibodies

A

direct hemagglutination testing

54
Q

What geneotype would react with anti-f?

A

rr (c,e)

55
Q

What blood group antigens change during pregnancy?

A

Lea and Leb decrease on red cells

56
Q

How are Rh antigens inherited?

A

inherited as codominant alleles

57
Q

this type of transfusion reaction occurs <24 hrs after transfusion of red cells.
Fever, chills, pain or oozing, back or flank pain, DIC

A

Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction

58
Q

This type of transfusion reaction occurs >24 hrs after transfusion, usually involves ABO incompatibility, misidentification of patient

A

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction

59
Q

Biochemical changes occur during the shelf-life of stored blood. What happens during storage?

A

decrease in 2,3 DPG concentration

60
Q

If a person has a genetic make up Hh, AO, LeLe, sese what substance will be found in the secretions?

A

Lea

61
Q

What lectin differentiates A1 from A2?

A

Dilichos biflorus
A1 postitive
A2 negative
A3 negative

62
Q

What blood group systems are destroyed by enzymes?

A

MNS duffy

63
Q

Which blood donation is done for your self?

A

Autologous

64
Q

Which blood donation is done for others?

A

allogeneic

65
Q

What is characteristic of the Xga blood group system?

A

inherited on X chromosome; frequency varies with sex

66
Q

What is ringers solution used for?

A

to rapidly transfuse a patient

67
Q

The immunodominant sugar for group A

A

N-acetylgalactosamine

68
Q

The immunodominant sugar for group B

A

D-galactose

69
Q

What chromosome is the H antigen located on?

A

19

70
Q

Which antibody is found in mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and cold hemagglutinin disease?

A

Anti-I

71
Q

a procedure that removes red cells (know antigens) to remove red cell antibodies from a solution (plasma or antisera): group A red cells can remove anit-A from a solution

A

adsorption

72
Q

Fy(a- b-) individuals are resistant to what disease?

A

Plasmodium knowlesi

MLS Blood Bank (2 decks)

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