Immunohematology

Question 1

Immunohematology

Answer 1

Deals with general procedures involved in collecting, preparing, storing and transfusing blood

Immunologic reactions involving blood components

Question 2

Application of principles of immunology

Answer 2

Study of Red Cell antigens and their corresponding antibodies on blood for resolving the problems of blood transfusion

Question 3

Forms of antigens

Answer 3

Proteins
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids

Question 4

Natural Antibodies

Answer 4

Not provoked by previous sensation
Mainly IgM
Complete antibodies
Cold agglutinins

Question 5

Immune Antibodies

Answer 5

Produced due to previous antigenic stimulation
Mainly IgG
Incomplete antibodies
Warm agglutinins
Cross placental barrier

Question 6

Landsteiner’s rule

Answer 6

Normal, healthy individuals possess ABO antibodies to the ABO antigens lacking on their RBC

Question 7

Forward/Direct phenotyping (cell-grouping)

Answer 7

Testing RBC for presence of ABO antigens

Question 8

Reverse/Indirect phenotyping (serum grouping)

Answer 8

Testing of serum or plasma for the expected ABO antibodies

Question 9

Reverse grouping for Rh grouping

Answer 9

Absence of naturally occurring Rh antibodies in the serum of the person lacking the corresponding Rh antigen

Question 10

Cross-matching test

Answer 10

Test to determine the compatibility b/n recipient and donor blood

Question 11

Purpose of cross-matching

Answer 11

Prevent life threatening transfusion reaction
Maximize in vivo survival of transfused blood cell
Double check of ABO error
Means of antibody detection
Check result of antibody screen

Question 12

Major cross-match

Answer 12

Testing donor’s RBC with recipient serum

Question 13

Minor cross-match

Answer 13

Testing donor’s serum with recipient RBC

Question 14

HDFN

Answer 14

RBC of a fetus or neonate are destroyed by IgG produced by the mother

Question 15

Pre-natal investigations on the mother

Answer 15

Full ABO grouping
Rh typing
Antibody screening

Question 16

Post-natal investigations

Answer 16

ABO typing

Rh typing

Question 17

Transfusion of blood meaning

Answer 17

Introduction of Whole blood, Blood component (cells) and Blood derivatives (albumin, globulin, Ig)

Question 18

Purpose of Transfusion

Answer 18

Restore; 
Blood volume
O2 carrying capacity
Hemostasis
Leukocyte function

Question 19

Investigation of transfusion reactions

Answer 19

Rise in Temp of patient
Headache and lower back pains
Sign of collapse

Question 20

Other reason of transfusion reaction

Answer 20

Too quick transfusion of blood to anemic patient
Too much blood to cause overload of circulation
Infected blood
Improperly stored blood
Hemolysis-beginning blood
Blood more than 3 weeks old