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Lab Methods > Clinical Chemistry > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Common enzymatic glucose measurements in serum

A

Oxidase
Hexokinase
Dehydrogenase

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2
Q

Common Anticoagulants

A 
Heparin
Sodium Fluoride
EDTA
Oxalate
Iodoacetate 
Citrate
Sodium
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3
Q

Normal GTT

A

Rises to peak then restores to the first level

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4
Q

Decreased GTT

A

Rises to peak and remains high

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5
Q

Elevated CSF glucose level

A

Increased permeability of meninges

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6
Q

Normal CSF (compared to plasma level)

A

60% of plasma level

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7
Q

Source of Error of glucose test

A 
Hemolysis
Lipemic
Time of collection
Time of serum separation
Inappropriate anticoagulant use
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8
Q

Excretion site of Creatinine

A

Entirely by Glomerulus

Not significantly secreted or reabsorbed by tubules

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9
Q

Increased serum creatinine

A

Impaired renal function (50-60%)

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10
Q

Serum Creatinine level

A
  1. 6-1.1 mg/dl

0. 5-0.8 mg/dl

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11
Q

Urine Creatinine level

A

8-20 g/24hr

6-18 g/24hr

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12
Q

Synthesis of Urea

A

Liver; CO2 and Ammonia (deamination of amino acid)

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13
Q

Excretion of Urea

A

90% excreted through kidney
Freely filtrated by glomerulus
40% passively diffused from tubule

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14
Q

Increased Urea (BUN)

A

Increased protein intake/synthesis
Decreased kidney function/excretion
Dehydration

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15
Q

Decreased Urea (BUN)

A

Decreased protein intake/synthesis

Decreased liver function (Ammonia to Urea conversion)

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16
Q

Indirect method of Urea determination

A

Hydrolysis of urea with urease to determine amount of ammonium ion

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17
Q

Adult Serum BUN range

A

6-20 mg/dl

18
Q

Newborn Serum BUN range

A

3-25 mg/dl

19
Q

Urine BUN range

A

12-20 g/24 hr

20
Q

Uric Acid formation

A

End product of purine metabolism by liver

21
Q

Uric Acid excretion

A

Readily filtered by glomerulus

Undergoes a complex cycle of reabsorption and secretion by the tubules

22
Q

Decreased Uric Acid level

A

Kidney disease

23
Q

Increased Uric Acid

A

Gout

Liver disease

24
Q

Adult serum Uric Acid level

A
  1. 5-7.2 mg/dl

2. 6-6.0 mg/dl

25
Q

Synthetic function of Liver test

A

Albumin
PT
Bilirubin

26
Q

Hepatocyte Injury test

A

ALT (Alanine Transaminase)

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)

27
Q

Cholestasis liver test

A

Bilirubin

ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase)

28
Q

Mild inflammation of liver

A

Reversibly increase permeability of cell membrane

Cytoplasmic AST, ALT

29
Q

Necrosis of liver

A

Mitochondrial AST

30
Q

Location of ALP

A 
Liver
Bone
Placenta
Kidney
Intestine
Surface of bile duct epithelia
31
Q

Indicator of liver synthetic function

A

Bilirubin
Albumin
Prothrombin

32
Q

Use of Antigen tests

A

Early diagnosis of infectious disease

33
Q

Use of Antibody tests

A

Diagnose microbial disease
Screen donor blood
Monitor effectiveness of treatment

34
Q

Direct HCG agglutination test

A

Reagent coated with anti HCG mixed with urine

35
Q

Indirect HCG method

A

Detects prevention of agglutination of HCG-coated latex particles by HCG present in the urine

36
Q

Strip HCG test

A

Reaction between HCG in urine and gold coated antibody on the strip

37
Q

Factors that affect pregnancy test

A 
Miscarriage (within 4 weeks)
HCG injection
Blood in urine
Soap in container
Diuretics
Medication
38
Q

False positive Widal test

A

Past infection
Cross reaction with other disease
Improper technique, handling

39
Q

False negative Widal test

A

Early typhoid cases
Laboratory personnel
Poor antigen preparation, transport and storage

40
Q

HIV test algorithm

A

Sequence of assays performed to detect HIV antibody in body fluid

41
Q

3 tests of HIV algorithm

A

KHB (NR - negative)
Stat Pak (R - positive)
Unigold

Lab Methods (6 decks)

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