immunodeficiency Flashcards
primary
congenital
secondary
acquired:
-malnutrition
-Toxic exposure
-infection
defects in innate immunity
Defective:
phagocytosis
bacterial killing
complement deficiency
leukocyte “traffic”
defective phagocytosis
Cant engulf
Chediak-Higashi:
-albinism, cells cant move to phagocytose
defective bacterial killing
Chronic granulomatous disease:
-skin disease is how it shows
primary immunodeficiency: adaptive
B cell defects:
-X-linked agammaglobulinemia
-selective IgA deficiency
Tcell defects:
-Digeorge syndrome
b cell defects:
x-linked agammaglobulinemia
failure of B cell maturation:
no antibody production
in men
B cell defects:
Selective IgA deficiency
effects mucus membranes
respiratory and GI effected
T cell defects:
Digeorge syndrome
effects thymus
failure to produce T cells
Defects which affect both T and B cells
severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
tx bone marrow
simian virus
monkey virus
is AIDS a opportunistic infection?
yes
human retrovirus
Starts with RNA goes to DNA (reverse transcriptase)
Creates DNA copy of itself and integrates into host genome
How HIV works
HIV attaches to CD4 molecules
Hides in T cell and is activated when it is
Replication kills the CD4 cell
immune response to HIV
cytotoxic T cells kill HIV-infected cells
B cells produce antibodies
anitbodies bind to circulating virions and activate complement system
anitbodies are not protective
virus remains latent inside lymphocytes
HIV effects on immune response
HIV replication lyses(kill) activated CD4 T cells
decreased:
-cell-mediated immunity
-humoral responses
CD4 t cells vs HIV cells during infection
HIV cells increase and replicate they kill and decrease CD4 cells
CD4 T cell count
Normal:
500-1500
40%
2:1
AIDS:
<200
14%
1:1
HIV diagnose infection
Antigen and antibody testin
3-6 weeks
HIV monitor disease progression
antigen quantitation
CD4 cell count
HIV Monitor treatment effectiveness
antigen quantitation
drug resistance testing
CDC recommendation
routine testing
opt-out testing instead of opt-in
HIV treatment since they have resistance
HIV develops resistance to anit-retroviral drugs rapidly
We use 3 anti-retroviral drugs at the same time
Must watch for drug resistance in patient
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis
people at high risl for HIV can take meds to prevent infection
ex: Truvada
help to prevent babies getting it during birth
