autoimmunity Flashcards
autoimmunity
a failure to distinguish self from non-self
when are most self-reactive immune cells eliminated?
during development by clonal deletion
some escape regulation
autoimmune risk factors
age
gender
environmental exposures
genetics
infection
trauma
autoimmunity with infection
result in cross-reactivity with self
self antigens stop response
autoimmunity with trauma
allow immune system access to “privileges sites” which triggers and autpimmune response
ex: injury to eye where their are no wbc can lead to an autoimmune response
systemic disorders
SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
antibodies target components of the cell nucleus
-immune complexes aggregate in the skin and organs
Systemic disorders
RA, Rheumatoid arthritis
an inflammatory condition resulting in accumulation of immune complexes in joints
organ specific associated with endocrine organs
Type I diabetes
pancreatic beta cells are destroyed and no insulin is produced
organ specific associated with endocrine organs
Myasthenia gravis
anitbodies react with acetylcholin receptors on muscle membranes
-inhibiting muscle contraction
autoimmune thyroid disorders
graves disease
antibodies bind TSH receptor on thyroid cells
cause: overproduction of thyroid hormones (Hyperthyroidism)
autoimmune thyroid disorders
Hashimoto’s AI thyroiditis
cells and antibodies destroy thyroid tissue
(Hypothyroidism)
Autograft
graft taken from one part of the body and transplanted to another part of the same body
isograft
graft from one identical twin to the other twin
allografts
grafts between genetically different members of the same species
Xenografts
grafts between members of different species
