Immunodeficencies Flashcards
1
Q
What are immunodeficiencies?
A
Loss of one or more immunological component in an animal
- creates an unusually suseptible individual
2
Q
What can immunodeficiencies be split into?
A
- Primary (inherited)
- Secondary (acquired)
3
Q
What are the causes of primary immunodefficencies?
A
- Genetic mutations in genes critical to immune system development
- offspring = homozygous for a mutated gene are immunodeficient
4
Q
What are examples of immune responses effected by primary immunodeficiencies?
A
- innate cells
- T and B cells
- B cells
5
Q
What is an example of innate immunedefficency?
A
defect of phagocytosis
6
Q
What is T and B cell immunodeficency?
A
Congenital immunodeficencies causing defects in all lymphocyte maturation
7
Q
What are the causes of secondary immunodeficencies?
A
- malnutrition
-cancer - drug treatment
- organ removal
- infection
- stress
- age
8
Q
How can malnutrition cause secondary immunodeficencies?
A
- vitimin A = required for the formation of NK, T and B cells
- zinc = critical in T cell activation
