Immuno exam 1 - Baiiley Intro

Question 1

• Which cells are considered part of the innate immune system?

Answer 1

• Myloid: monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, basophils, NK cells

Question 2

• Which cells are considered part of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 2

• Lymphoid: T and B cells

Question 3

• What are the physical barriers?

Answer 3

• Skin; mucosal linings

* Doesn’t let pathogens easily enter body

Question 4

• What are the chemical barriers?

Answer 4

• Antimicrobial chemicals/ AMP’s

* Kills pathogens once invaded

Question 5

• What are the biological barriers?

Answer 5

• Microbs that naturally inhabit body

* Serve as a barrier against pathogenic bacteria

Question 6

• Eosinophils

Answer 6

• Recognize IgE→degranulate→release antimicrobial chemicals

* Responsible for allergic and inflammatory response

Question 7

• Macrophages

Answer 7

• Phagocytic
• Antigen presenting
• Produce cytokines

Question 8

• Neutrophils

Answer 8

• Kill bacteria
• Produce cytokines
• NOT APC

Question 9

• Dendritic cells

Answer 9

• Phagocytic

* Link to adaptive immunity

Question 10

• Natural killer cells

Answer 10

• Nonspecific

* Kills virus infected cells

Question 11

• Phagocytes?

Answer 11

• Monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils

Question 12

• APC’s?

Answer 12

• Macrophages, dendritic cells

Question 13

• Granulocytes?

Answer 13

• Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

Question 14

• Lymphocytes?

Answer 14

• T/B cells, NK

Question 15

• Leukocytes?

Answer 15

• N, E, B, Lympcytes, Monocytes

Question 16

what is an antigen and types of antigens:

Answer 16

• Any substance that can be specifically bound to and adaptive immune cell
• Types:
• Immunogen: elicits an immune response
• Tolerogen: induces immunological tolderance or immune non-responsiveness
• Allergen: causes an immediate hypersensitivity

Question 17

what is meant by pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMPS)

Answer 17

• Unique structure on microbes (repeated sequences) that immune cells can identify

Question 18

what is meant by pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

Answer 18

• Recognize PAMPS

* Located on immune cells

Question 19

Give some examples of PRRs and know what toll-like receptors are

Answer 19

• Scavenger, mannose, N-formyl-receptors
• TLR: recognize PAMPS
• Induce expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, antiviral ctyokines

Question 20

Where are toll like receptors located

Answer 20

• Located intracellularly or extracellularly

Question 21

Why would toll like receptors be located intracellularly

Answer 21

• Viruses!

Question 22

Where does the immune response happen/Where does the immune system encounter pathogens

Answer 22

• Innate: active at site of infection

* Adaptive: active in lymph nodes

Question 23

Which cells are likely to encounter pathogens in the periphery

Answer 23

• Innate cells

Question 24

Where are cells of the adaptive immune system activated

Answer 24

• Lymph node

Question 25

Where do cells of the adaptive immune system clonally expand

Answer 25

• Lymph node?

Question 26

Where do cells of the adaptive immune system find the site of infection

Answer 26

• Through help of endothelial cells and cytokines