Immuno Drugs Flashcards
What does Prednisone do?
Synthetic steroid that suppresses cytokine production. Now these cytokines cannot act on T cells
G0 and G1 phase
What does Tacrolimus (FK506) do?
It binds to FKBP in the T cell cytoplasm and this complex inhibits Calcineurin
Calcineurin normally dephosphorylates the TF NFAT.
The dephosphorylated version of NFAT can enter into the nucleus and stimulate production of IL-2 and IL-2R alpha
G0 phase
What does Cyclosporine do?
It binds to Cyclophilin in the T cell cytoplasm and this complex inhibits Calcineurin
Calcineurin normally dephosphorylates the TF NFAT.
The dephosphorylated version of NFAT can enter into the nucleus and stimulate production of IL-2 and IL-2R alpha
G0 phase
What does Dacluzimab do?
Monoclonal antibody used in acute transplant rejection
It binds to IL-2R alpha (CD25) and inhibits assembly of the high-affinity IL-2R receptor
Note: this means that Dacluzimab inhibits activated T cells that are expressing high-affinity IL-2R but does NOT inhibit naive T cells
What does Sirolimus (Rapamycin) do?
It binds to FKBP in the T cell cytoplasm and this complex inhibits mTOR
mTOR normally increases T cell proliferation
G1 phase
What does Cyclophosphamide do?
Alkylating agent that inhibits T cell proliferation by killing the dividing cell
What does Methotrexate do?
Anti metabolite (folate mimic) that inhibits T cell proliferation
What does Mycophenolate Mofetil do?
Antimetabolite that inhibits T cell proliferation
What are the side effects of Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus?
Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and neurotoxicity
What are the side effects of Sirolimus/rapamycin?
Hyperlipidemia
What are the side effects of prednisone?
Insomnia, hypomania, ulcers
What are the side effects of Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil?
Proliferation-associated toxicities
How long after birth must an Rh- mother be given Igs to lyse Rh+ erythrocytes from the fetus?
within 72 hours, otherwise she will generate an immune response and have anti Rh+ antibodies that may affect future pregnancies
When is Rh(d) immune globulin a concern?
Rh negative mother + Rh positive father
What was the first therapeutic monoclonal antibody approved by the FDA? What was it used for?
Acute transplant rejection drug, OKT3/Muromonab CD3
Targets T cell CD3
What suffix is used for murine/mouse monoclonal antibodies?
-omab
What suffix is used for chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibodies?
-ximab and -zumab
What suffix is used for human monoclonal antibodies?
-mumab
What does Infliximab do?
Monoclonal antibody used in the inhibition of TNF-alpha signaling (neutralizes inflammation)
Used to treat RA (sometimes in combo with methotrexate) and in patients with severe Crohn’s disease who have failed conventional therapy
What does Rituximab do?
Monoclonal antibody against CD20 antigen (B cells)
Used to treat non-Hodgkins Lymphoma, MS, and RA (when combined with methotrexate)
What does Tocilizumab do?
Anti IL-6 receptor neutralizing antibody
Useful in treating RA
Patients with what disease should not get Tocilizumab?
Those with TB
lower immune response and latent TB may become active
