Immuno Flashcards
TQ
-Acquired through placental IgG transport, breast feeding IGA
Passive + natural vaccination
active=acquired through recovery from infx
-Acquired through IV injection of anti-serum
Passive + artificial vaccination
active=immunization w/ vaccines
-Do not PREVENT infx, rather reduce severity of dz
»Th2 response
-Only rabies and hepatitis are therapeutic
-Primes immune response vs pathogen so that when you encounter it, you can fight it quickly w/ Abs & memory cells
Vaccines
directed at Ag epitopes»adaptive immunity
What kind of vaccine is…
Oral polio, varicella; mumps, measles, rubella, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)?
Live attenuated
What kind of vaccine is…
Inactivated polio
Killed/inactivated
can be used anytime
What kind of vaccine is…
Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid
Subunit
only some Ags
What kind of vaccine is…
Hep B
Recombinant subunit
Ags are recombinant
What kind of vaccine is…
Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Conjugate (polysaccharides-protein)
Streptococcus pneumoniae can also be given in polyvalent form (large # of Ags)
Passive immunization:
Ab from other species may cause systemic anaphylaxis (IgG)…otherwise known as what?
OR
May induce type III hypersensitivity with activation of complement in the tissues
serum sickness
Active immunization:
IM inactivated & live attenuated influenza vaccine & yellow fever vaccine are grown in chicken eggs…What does this pose a risk for?
allergic rxn if egg allergy
- Infant immunity is not competent»infx
- Incr morbidity in neonates due to what?
- Bacteria: group B streptococci & E. coli
- Viruses: HSV, CMV, VZV, RSV (decr Th1)
- Fungi: Candida
Is cell-mediated immunity transferred from mother to fetus?
NO, humoral is!
Infants rely on their own T cells to fight pathogens and respond to vaccination
TQ
Neonates have delayed IL-2 producing DC and therefore have impaired…
Th1 responses
How does cell mediated immunity work?
Th1 initiated when DC or Mφ eat pathogen»
IL-12 stim NK cells incr Th1 effector cells»???
IFN-γ»
Activates Mφ» pro-inflam cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12.
(IFN-γ also promotes pathogen killing by macrophages)
TQ
Vaccination in newborn…low T cell response*
What are some examples?
High response to BCG though!
- (HBVac) or oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccines»Th1 type responses that are lower than those seen in adults
- Diminished delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test reactions to Ags such as candida and tetanus toxoid
Abs against bacteria are directed against what?
cell wall Ags