Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

USMLE Step 1 General > Immuno > Flashcards

Immuno Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Which cytokines are anti-inflammatory?

A

TGF-beta

IL-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which cytokines are pro-inflammatory?

A

IL-1
IL-4
IL-5
IL-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does selective IgA deficiency present?

A

Selective IgA: deficiency of IgA due to failure of B cells to class switch.

Recurrent sinopulm and GI infections.

When transfuse blood, even O- there are small amounts of foreign IgA. Therefore, pt makes IgG Ab against these resulting in rash, bronchospasm and death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the presentation of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?

A

Delayed separation of the umbilical cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is chronic granulomatous disease and how does it present?

A

Chronic Granulomatous disease:
X-linked mutation of NADPH oxidase
can’t produce ROS, H2O2 etc.

impaired resp burst inhibits phagocyte killingRecurrent infection with catalase-positive bacteria and fungi (catalase will metabolize what little H2O2 there is)

Dx: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test - neutrophils do NOT turn blue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Recurrent infection with what organisms indicate humoral immunodeficiency?

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Moraxella(Otitis Media!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infection with what orgs indicate T cell deficiency?

A

Pneumocystis

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is activated in delayed type IV hypersensitivity? Examples in clinical practice?

A

Macrophages, CD4, CD8, NK T cells

Candidiasis - injecting antigen into skin, look for induration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two major effectors of anaphylaxis?

A

Histamine Tryptase - mast cell degranulation releases tryptase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the impt functions of IL1 thru IL6? (Mnemonic)

A 
Hot T-bone stEAK 
IL1 = fever
IL2 = T cells 
IL3 = bone marrow
IL4 = IgE
IL5 = IgA, eosinophils 
IL6 = aKute phase proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chronic rejection of lung transplant leads to?

A

Bronchiolitis Obliterans - inflam, narrowing, and fibrosis of the small arterioles -> dyspnea, wheezing, nonproductive cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factor mediates cachexia?

A

TNFalpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Impt factors in leukocyte adhesion cascade

A

Margination: hemoconcentration, dec. wall shear stress

Rolling: Sialylated glycoprotein = P/E-selectin endothelium

Activation: Adhesion: CD18 = ICAMiMigration: PECAM1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the presentation of Ataxia-Telangiectasia?

A

Ataxia - cerebellar atrophy
Telangiectasia - oculocutaneous

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections

Increased risk of cancer; sensitive to ionizing radiation

Dec. IgA, Inc. AFP
Defect in DNA repair enzyme that repairs double stranded breaks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What conditions associated with defective DNA repair enzymes

A 
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Xeroderma Pigmentosum 
Fanconi Anemia
Bloom Syndrome
HNPCC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Markers of macrophage-monocyte lineage?

A

CD14

17
Q

Function of IL8. Other molecules that also function the same?

A 
Neutrophil Chemotaxis: 
IL8
Leukotriene B4
c5a
n-formylated peptides
5-HETE (leukotriene precursor)
18
Q

What do the suffixes in drugs means?- mab - cept- nib

A 
mab = monoclonal abcept = receptor molecule 
nib = kinase inhibitor
19
Q

What is an inducible enzyme that is normally undetectable in most tissues, except in the case of inflammation?

A

COX2

COX1 is constitutively expressed.

20
Q

How are antigens loaded onto MHC I vs. MHC II?

A

MHC I: loaded in RER after delivery from cytosol via TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) peptide transporter

MHC II: MHC- invariant chain complex formed in the RER -> Golgi body -> Endosome compartment. Invariant chain degraded and peptide loaded.

21
Q

Will have red pulp expansion of spleen in what disease?

A

Portal HTN from hepatic disease -> congestion of blood in spleen from splenic vein.

22
Q

Increased susceptibility to Neisseria occurs with what immune system impairment?

A

C5-C9 deficiency - can’t form MAC.

23
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency causes? What is contraindicated in these patients?

A

Hereditary Angioedema (C1 esterase inhibits kallikrenin which converts kikinogen to bradykinin)

ACEi are contraindicated!!!

24
Q

Serum sickness

A

Type III hypersensitivity

Pt: Usually drugs acting as haptens (infliximab, venom antitoxin) -> 7-10d later develop sx.

fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, LAD - small vessel vasculitis: fibrinoid necrosis - intense neutrophil infiltration

Patho: IC deposition, with activation of complement Low C3, C4 levels

25
Q

Case: Researchers find that individuals with particular HLA haplotypes do not mount an antibody response to specific polypeptide viral antigens. What is failing to occur?

A

Antigen PRESENTATION by macrophages. If the viral antigen is not bound by MHC I, they cannot get presented.

USMLE Step 1 General (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions