Immuno Flashcards
Which cytokines are anti-inflammatory?
TGF-beta
IL-10
Which cytokines are pro-inflammatory?
IL-1
IL-4
IL-5
IL-12
How does selective IgA deficiency present?
Selective IgA: deficiency of IgA due to failure of B cells to class switch.
Recurrent sinopulm and GI infections.
When transfuse blood, even O- there are small amounts of foreign IgA. Therefore, pt makes IgG Ab against these resulting in rash, bronchospasm and death.
What is the presentation of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency?
Delayed separation of the umbilical cord.
What is chronic granulomatous disease and how does it present?
Chronic Granulomatous disease:
X-linked mutation of NADPH oxidase
can’t produce ROS, H2O2 etc.
impaired resp burst inhibits phagocyte killingRecurrent infection with catalase-positive bacteria and fungi (catalase will metabolize what little H2O2 there is)
Dx: Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test - neutrophils do NOT turn blue.
Recurrent infection with what organisms indicate humoral immunodeficiency?
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Moraxella(Otitis Media!)
Infection with what orgs indicate T cell deficiency?
Pneumocystis
Mucocutaneous candidiasis
What is activated in delayed type IV hypersensitivity? Examples in clinical practice?
Macrophages, CD4, CD8, NK T cells
Candidiasis - injecting antigen into skin, look for induration
What are the two major effectors of anaphylaxis?
Histamine Tryptase - mast cell degranulation releases tryptase
What are the impt functions of IL1 thru IL6? (Mnemonic)
Hot T-bone stEAK IL1 = fever IL2 = T cells IL3 = bone marrow IL4 = IgE IL5 = IgA, eosinophils IL6 = aKute phase proteins
Chronic rejection of lung transplant leads to?
Bronchiolitis Obliterans - inflam, narrowing, and fibrosis of the small arterioles -> dyspnea, wheezing, nonproductive cough
What factor mediates cachexia?
TNFalpha
Impt factors in leukocyte adhesion cascade
Margination: hemoconcentration, dec. wall shear stress
Rolling: Sialylated glycoprotein = P/E-selectin endothelium
Activation: Adhesion: CD18 = ICAMiMigration: PECAM1
What is the presentation of Ataxia-Telangiectasia?
Ataxia - cerebellar atrophy
Telangiectasia - oculocutaneous
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections
Increased risk of cancer; sensitive to ionizing radiation
Dec. IgA, Inc. AFP
Defect in DNA repair enzyme that repairs double stranded breaks.
What conditions associated with defective DNA repair enzymes
Ataxia-Telangiectasia Xeroderma Pigmentosum Fanconi Anemia Bloom Syndrome HNPCC
Markers of macrophage-monocyte lineage?
CD14
Function of IL8. Other molecules that also function the same?
Neutrophil Chemotaxis: IL8 Leukotriene B4 c5a n-formylated peptides 5-HETE (leukotriene precursor)
What do the suffixes in drugs means?- mab - cept- nib
mab = monoclonal abcept = receptor molecule nib = kinase inhibitor
What is an inducible enzyme that is normally undetectable in most tissues, except in the case of inflammation?
COX2
COX1 is constitutively expressed.
How are antigens loaded onto MHC I vs. MHC II?
MHC I: loaded in RER after delivery from cytosol via TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) peptide transporter
MHC II: MHC- invariant chain complex formed in the RER -> Golgi body -> Endosome compartment. Invariant chain degraded and peptide loaded.
Will have red pulp expansion of spleen in what disease?
Portal HTN from hepatic disease -> congestion of blood in spleen from splenic vein.
Increased susceptibility to Neisseria occurs with what immune system impairment?
C5-C9 deficiency - can’t form MAC.
C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency causes? What is contraindicated in these patients?
Hereditary Angioedema (C1 esterase inhibits kallikrenin which converts kikinogen to bradykinin)
ACEi are contraindicated!!!
Serum sickness
Type III hypersensitivity
Pt: Usually drugs acting as haptens (infliximab, venom antitoxin) -> 7-10d later develop sx.
fever, urticaria, arthralgias, proteinuria, LAD - small vessel vasculitis: fibrinoid necrosis - intense neutrophil infiltration
Patho: IC deposition, with activation of complement Low C3, C4 levels
