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pharmacy 358 > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the adaptive immune system?

A

defends a specific pathogen and is memory based

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2
Q

Innate immune system?

A

physical barrier

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3
Q

If a disease is highly transmissible what is the percentage needed for herd immunity?

A

HIGH

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4
Q

What are the live vaccines?

A

MMRV, varicella, rotavirus, typhoid (oral)

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5
Q

What else is in a vaccine?

A

antigen
suspending fluid- sterile h20
stabilizers- gelatin
preservatives
antibiotic-neomycin
adjuvant

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6
Q

What adjutant commonly causes more pain?

A

Aluminum salts

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7
Q

Why do you need a Ha booster if twinrix?

A

because too low of dose

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8
Q

What routes are most common for vaccines?

A

IM>SQ>oral

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9
Q

How long must you wait between live vaccines if not a combo?

A

> 4 weeks

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10
Q

Who is contraindicated for live vaccines?

A

immunocompromised or pregnant

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11
Q

What vaccine should be done last? What is an example?

A

The most painful one- pneumococcal

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12
Q

How much vaccine can usually be put in one arm?

A

1 ml

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13
Q

AT what age can multiple vaccines be given (Not combo)?

A

> 6 months

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14
Q

What vaccines are not interchangeable?

A

pneumococcal and some meningococcal
HB and HB dialysis

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15
Q

Do you need to restart a schedule if a long time between doses?

A

NO

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16
Q

Is an egg allergy an issue?

A

No

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17
Q

Can you give vaccine if mild URTI?

A

Yeds

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18
Q

Is GBS a good contraindication to vaccine?

A

NO

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19
Q

Must you report a common side effect of a vaccine?

A

No

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20
Q

What is special about rotavirus administration?

A

Oral and it is sweet

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21
Q

Pain management strategies?

A

move arm, numb cream, skin to skin or hold child, sucrose for babies

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22
Q

When can you give ibuprofen and acet?

A

> 6-8 hours after

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23
Q

What is Diphtheria?

A

bacteria that makes toxin that stops protein synthesis

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24
Q

What does Capital letters mean on vaccine name?

A

paediatric dose

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25
Q

How does diphtheria transmit and present?

A

respiratory droplets and URTI, grey membrane on throat

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26
Q

Complicaitions of diphtheria?

A

resp issues and myocarditis

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27
Q

what form of vaccine is diphtheria?

A

detoxified toxin

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28
Q

How frequent should Tdap be?

A

every 10 years or 5 if a serious cut or each pregnancy

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29
Q

Explain tetanus.

A

bacteria found in soil and faces, painful spasms and lockjaw

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30
Q

Transmission of tetanus?

A

wound contamination

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31
Q

complications of tetanus?

A

seizures and resp failure

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32
Q

What is form of vaccine for tetanus?

A

detoxified toxin

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33
Q

What is pertussis/

A

contagious early and whooping cough

34
Q

Complications of pertussis?

A

pneumonia, seizures and encephalopathy

35
Q

Why did we switch to acellular version of pertussis vaccine?

A

because other one caused seizures and hyperresponse

36
Q

True or false, do you NEED a pertussis booster in adulthood?

A

YESSSSS

37
Q

What in name of vaccine means polio?

A

IPV

38
Q

Explain polio?

A

viral and mostly asymptomatic but can be flulike

39
Q

Complications of polio?

A

meningitis, paralysis, limp

40
Q

Transmission of polio?

A

fecal oral

41
Q

Form of vaccine for polio?

A

inactivated and is trivalent

42
Q

Why don’t we use live attenuated polio vaccine?

A

can cause the paralysis

43
Q

When would you give adult a booster for polio?

A

if travelling to are with outbreak

44
Q

Explain Hib?

A

bacteria and B is the most pathogenic

45
Q

How does Hib spread?

A

resp droplets

46
Q

Complications of Hib?

A

ear infection, meningitis, pneumonia, deaf, death

47
Q

Who mostly gets Hib?

A

<5 yrs

48
Q

What condition would you want to give a dose of Hib vaccine?

A

HIV

49
Q

Of Tdap-IPV-Hib which don’t need adult boosters/

A

IPV and Hib

50
Q

How does rotavirus transmit?

A

fecal oral

51
Q

Sx of rotavirus?

A

diarrhea, stomach pain, vomitting

52
Q

What form of vaccine is rotavirus?

A

live oral

53
Q

If a baby spits up rotavirus vaccine what do we do?

A

Nothing

54
Q

Caution with rotavirus vaccine?

A

sheds in faces so wash hands and caution for immunocompromised

55
Q

S/e of rotavirus vaccine?

A

fever, diarrhea, bowel obstruction

56
Q

Explain meningococcus disease?

A

bacterial, causes bacteria and meningtisi

57
Q

Transmission of meningococcus?

A

resp droplets so crowded is an issue

58
Q

Complications of meningococcus?

A

amputations, deaf, seizures, brain damage

59
Q

What serotype of meningococcal do we NOT routinely give?

A

serotype B

60
Q

Are meningococcal vaccines interchangeable?

A

Fuh no

61
Q

What serotypes of meningococcal are given?

A

C, A, W, Y

62
Q

Explain measles.

A

viral transmitted by resp droplets

63
Q

Complication of measles?

A

ear infection, pneumonia, seizure, deaf, encephalitis

64
Q

Explain mumps. include complications and transmission.

A

viral by resp droplets
complications of meningitis and encephalitis, swollen gonads, abortion

65
Q

Explain rubella. include complications and transmission.

A

viral, resp droplets
causes rash, flu like, miscarriage

66
Q

Explain varicella. include complications and transmission.

A

viral by resp droplets OR blister fluid
causes rash, SSTI and pneumonia

67
Q

What form of vaccine is MMR-V

A

live attenuated

68
Q

What allergy is an issue with MMRV?

A

to gelatin or neomycin

69
Q

What does rubella part of the vaccine cause?

A

joint pain

70
Q

What can the varicella part of the vaccine cause?

A

blisters

71
Q

What is herpes zoster?

A

reactivation of varicella

72
Q

Who gets herpes zoster?

A

> 65 or immunocomp, stress

73
Q

If never got varicella or vaccine are adults at risk of herpes zoster?

A

No

74
Q

signs of herpes zoster?

A

prodromal pain before rash unilateral

75
Q

Complications of herpes zoster?

A

postherpetic neualrhia, opthalmic, pulmonary and hepatic issues

76
Q

Who is recommended to get shingrix?

A

> 50 years old
previously got Zostavax 2 or shingles epsiode

77
Q

Why was Zostavax discontinued?

A

live version. and could cause it and issues for children in close contact with patient

78
Q

How well does shingles vaccine work?

A

Lowers rate of shingles by 90% and NNT of 32 also decreases risk of PHN

79
Q

If immunocompromised, when should you get shingles vaccine?

A

> 18 years old

80
Q

How many doses of shingles needed?

A

2

81
Q
A

pharmacy 358 (15 decks)

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