Immunizations Flashcards
Hepatitis B Vaccine Dosing Schedule
First dose: given within 24 hours of birth
Second dose: given 1-2 months after first dose
Third dose: given between 6-8months of age * last dose must be given before 8months (24weeks)
What does the Hepatitis B vaccine protect against?
Hepatitis B is a virus that can lead to the serious disease, Hepatis which causes inflammation of the liver and overtime Hepatitis B can lead to serious liver damage and liver failure and also increases the risk of getting liver cancer.
The liver is very useful for the body because it picks up and detoxifies harmful substances like cigarettes and alcohol, it helps the body to maintain normal blood glucose levels, it helps the body synthesize important proteins, stores vitamins and minerals, and converts cholesterol into bile salts.
How is Hepatitis B transmitted?
Hepatitis B virus is transmitted via bodily secretions including, blood, contaminated needles, sex, and amniotic fluid during birth as well as can cross through placental barrier.
What are some side effects of the HepB Vaccine?
Possible side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine include:
- Redness at injection site
- Soreness at injection site
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Allergic reaction
Immunizations given @ Birth
Hepatitis B (HepB) : First Dose given within 24 hours of birth
Immunizations given @ 2 months
Hepatitis B (HepB): 2nd dose (must be 4 weeks after Dose 1)
Rotavirus (RV): RV1 (2- dose series), RV5 (3- dose series) : 1st dose (must be given before 15weeks old)
Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP < 7yrs): 1st dose
Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib): 1st dose
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13, PCV15): 1st dose
Inactivated poliovirus (IPV <18yrs): 1st dose
Meningococcal (MenACWY-D ≥9 mos, MenACWY-CRM ≥2 mos, MenACWY-TT ≥2years): 1st dose ONLY FOR patients with anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), HIV infection, persistent complement component deficiency, complement inhibitor (e.g., eculizumab, ravulizumab) OR children traveling to countries with hyperendemic or epidemic meningococcal disease, including countries in the African meningitis belt or during the Hajj
What is Rotavirus?
Rotavirus is a virus that causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, fevers, and abdominal pain. Children who get rotavirus can become very sick and dehydrated and may lead to hospitalization or death. Rotavirus is the most common cause of the stomach flu in children under 5 years old.
How is Rotavirus transmitted?
Rotavirus is VERY contagious and transmitted via touching surfaces or ingesting contaminated water or food that has been infected with the virus.
Who should not get the Rotavirus vaccine?
- Patients with history of intussusception
- Patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
- Patients with severe latex allergy
Rotavirus Dosing Schedule
Two different types of live attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine both given by mouth:
- RotaTeq (3 dose series)
○ First dose: 2 months
○ Second dose: 4 months
○ Third dose: 6 months
- Rotarix (2 dose series) ○ First dose: 2 months ○ Second dose: 4 months
When must the first and last dose of the Rotavirus vaccine be given?
First dose of rotavirus must be given before a child is 15 weeks old.
Children should receive all doses or rotavirus vaccine before they turn 8 months old.
Parents much make a decision before 8 months of age because they cannot get the vaccine after
What is Diptheria?
Diphtheria is an infection that causes the release of a very dangerous toxin. The toxin attacks the bodies cells and causes inflammation in the throat that makes it very difficult for children to breathe and swallow. The toxin will continue to attack the body if not treated and can cause inflammation of the heart as well as damage the kidneys and nerves.
How is Diptheria transmitted?
Diphtheria is transmitted by coming into contact with respiratory droplets from an infected person by coughing or sneezing, or via contact to a wound infected with diphtheria.
What is Tetanus?
Immunizations given @ 4 months
Rotavirus (RV): RV1 (2- dose series), RV5 (3- dose series) : 2nd dose (must be 4 weeks after 1 dose)
Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP < 7yrs): 2nd dose (must be 4 weeks after 1 dose)
Haemophilus Influenzae type B (Hib): 2nd dose (must be 4 weeks after 1 dose)
Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13, PCV15): 2nd dose (must be 4 weeks after 1 dose)
Inactivated poliovirus (IPV <18yrs): 2nd dose (must be 4 weeks after 1 dose)
Meningococcal (MenACWY-D ≥9 mos, MenACWY-CRM ≥2 mos, MenACWY-TT ≥2years): 2nd dose ONLY FOR patients with anatomic or functional asplenia (including sickle cell disease), HIV infection, persistent complement component deficiency, complement inhibitor (e.g., eculizumab, ravulizumab) OR children traveling to countries with hyperendemic or epidemic meningococcal disease, including countries in the African meningitis belt or during the Hajj
