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ADVANCED ADULT HEALTH 1 > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

What are commonly misperceived as contraindications to receive vaccinations

A
  1. mild acute illness with or without fever
  2. mild to moderate local site reaction (swelling, redness, sore arm)
  3. Lack of previous physical exam
  4. Current antimicrobial therapy
  5. Convalescent stage of illness
  6. Pre-term birth
  7. Recent exposure to infectious disease
  8. Hx of allergies to penicillin or other environmental allergies
  9. Otitis Media
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2
Q

What is the purpose of the Hepatitis B vaccine?

A

To prevent severe liver infection

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3
Q

Dosing schedule for hepatitis b vaccine

A 
1st dose = 0
(wait 4 weeks) 
2nd dose = 1 month
(wait minimum of 8 weeks)
3rd dose = 6 months
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4
Q

Do you need to restart the vaccination schedule all over for hepatitis b if the immunization schedule is interrupt

A

No, give the dose you were intended to receive

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5
Q

What are the precautions to getting the hepatitis b vaccine?

A
  1. Prior allergic reaction to dose

2. YEAST ALLERGRY

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6
Q

Who are people who SHOULD receive the hepatitis b vaccine?

A
  1. Chronic liver disease
  2. HIV
  3. Dialysis
  4. IV drug users
  5. Healthcare workers
  6. Travelers going to a foreign country
  7. Exposure
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7
Q

Who are people who SHOULD receive the hepatitis b vaccine?

A
  1. Chronic liver disease
  2. HIV
  3. Dialysis
  4. IV drug users
  5. Healthcare workers
  6. Travelers going to a foreign country
  7. Exposure to hep B
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8
Q

What is the purpose for the Influenza vaccine?

A

To prevent a contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus

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9
Q

When the Influenza virus commonly seen?

A

Fall months

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10
Q

Inactivated (LIV) or (RIV4) influenza vaccine

A

6 months and older

pregnant women

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11
Q

Live attenuated (LAIV4)

A

19 years- 49 years

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12
Q

What are the precautions to think about before administering the influenza vaccine?

A
  1. Pregnant women (inactive only)
  2. Adults who get severe hives
  3. Egg allergy
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13
Q

What is tetanus?

A

Infectious disease caused by clostridium tetanus organisms where the infection with disease causes increased muscle rigidity and convulsive spasms of the skeletal muscles

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14
Q

What is diphtheria?

A

Acute toxin mediated bacteria known as coriumbacteria diphtheria and causes severe nervous system impacts

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15
Q

How is diphtheria transmitted?

A

Common in soil and enters the skin through cuts, openings

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16
Q

Td, Tdap Vaccine

A

Tdap vaccine consists of tetanus toxoid reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis

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17
Q

Unvaccinated/Unknown adults who need the Td/Tdap vaccine

A

Unvaccinated adults should receive the 1st and 2nd dose of Td 4 weeks apart. The third dose 6-12 months after 2nd dose with Tdap.
1 booster every 10 years

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18
Q

Precautions for Td/Tdap

A

Allergic to previous dose

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19
Q

Special considerations when administering Td/Tdap

A
  1. Pregnant women should receive 1 dose Tdap every pregnancy during the 3rd trimester (after 28 weeks)
  2. Healthcare workers
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20
Q

What is the most common vaccine preventable disease in the United States?

A

Pertussis (whooping cough)

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21
Q

What is the transmission of pertussis?

A

droplet

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22
Q

How is varicella transmitted?

A

Droplet ( enters through the respiratory tract and conjuctiva)

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23
Q

Varicella vaccine schedule

A

Consists of 2 doses

1st dose and then 2nd dose 4-8 weeks after 1st dose

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24
Q

Who has immunity against varicella?

A
  1. People who are IgG positive and were born before 1980’s.
  2. People who received both vaccinations 4 weeks apart
  3. Hx of varicella or herpes zoster
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25
Q

Special considerations for the varicella vaccine?

A
  1. Women who are pregnant must wait 1 month to get the vaccination because it is a live vaccine
26
Q

Herpes Zoster Vaccine (RZV) recommendations

A

CDC recommends anyone over the age 60 years and up get this vaccination

27
Q

Herpes Zoster Vaccine (RZV) dosing schedule

A

Adults over the age of 50 years old
2 doses
1st dose and then 2nd dose 2-6 months after 1st dose regardless of previous vaccination due to updated vaccine

28
Q

Special considerations when administering the herpes zoster vaccine?

A

Can not give to pregnant women or immunocompromised

29
Q

How is HPV transmitted

A

Sexual contact, and is the most common STI

30
Q

what are the affects of HPV on the body

A

can cause severe STD and cancer

31
Q

When does vaccination begin for HPV?

A

Age 9

32
Q

Dosing schedule for HPV vaccine

A
  1. Before 14 years of age = 2 doses 6 months apart

2. After age 15 = 3 doses are required. 1st dose (wait four weeks) 2nd dose (minimum 12 weeks before 3rd dose)

33
Q

What happens if the HPV vaccine is given too soon in the schedule?

A

You must repeat the entire schedule over

34
Q

What are the special considerations to think of when administering the HPV vaccine?

A
  1. Give to immunocompromised, HIV, gay men through age 26, not recommended for pregnant women
35
Q

What is measles?

A

Also known as Rubella, highly infectious virus caused by the rubeola virus

36
Q

What is mumps?

A

A contagious and infectious viral disease caused by the paramyxovirus (usually causes swelling of the salivary glands and partoid glands)

37
Q

How are measles. mumps, and rubeola transmitted?

A

Droplet

38
Q

What is the vaccination for measles, mumps, and rubeola?

A

MMR

39
Q

MMR dosing schedule

A

1st dose age 12-15 months

2nd dose age 4-6 years

40
Q

What are some special considerations to think about when administering the MMR?

A
  1. Important for universities
  2. international travel
  3. Women of child bearing age who are not pregnant
  4. health care providers
  5. if you live with an immunocomprised person
41
Q

Who has immunity against measles, mumps, rubeola?

A

Anyone born before 1957

already vaccinated by HCP

42
Q

What is an important concept to remember when administering live vaccines?

A

You can give live +non live on the same day. However if you receive a live vaccine and then needed a PPD or non-living vaccine you have to wait a minimum of 4 weeks

43
Q

Who should receive the pneumococcal vaccine?

A
  1. Children
  2. Population over 65
  3. immunocompromised
44
Q

What happens if you are an adult and never received the pneumococcal vaccines?

A

Give PVC13 and 1 year later give PPSV23 (minimum dosing interval between the 2 doses is 8 weeks but preferably a year) and another dose of PPSV23 5 years later

45
Q

What happens if you just received the PPSV23 vaccine

A

give PVC13

46
Q

Special considerations to think about when administering the pneumococcal vaccines?

A
  1. Age 19-64 with a chronic condition of CHD, CLD, DM, alcohol abuse, or smokers should receive 1 dose of PPSV23.
  2. Age >65 and have these conditions they should receive both vaccines
  3. 19 years and older with HIV, chronic renal failure, and nephrotic syndrome should receive both doses 8 weeks apart and a booster of PPVS23 5 years later
47
Q

What is the vaccine for Meningitis?

A

Meningococcal

48
Q

How many strains of meningitis are there?

A

5

A,B,C,W,Y

49
Q

What 3 strains of meningitis are the most common in the United States?

A

B, C, Y

50
Q

Meningococcal dosing schedule

A

Consists of 2 doses
1st dose between 11-12 years of age
2nd dose age 16 years
Give booster if given 2nd dose before age 16 and going to college

51
Q

What are some special considerations to think about when administering the meningococcal vaccine

A

Give to people with asplenia, sickle cell, HIV

52
Q

Hepatitis A vaccine (HAV)

A

Consists of 2 doses

2 doses 6- 18 months apart

53
Q

Haemophilus Influenzae type b vaccination (Hib)

A

prevents meningitis and epiglottis, pneumonia, arthritis and cellulitis

54
Q

Hib vaccination schedule

A 
Consists of 4 doses
1st dose = 2 months 
2nd dose= 4 months 
3rd dose = 6 months
4th dose = 12-15 months
55
Q

What are some special considerations to think about when administering the Hib vaccine?

A
  1. Adults with anatomical or functional asplenia or are going to have their spleen removed administer vaccine 14 before surgery.
  2. Adults undergoing stem cell transplant get 3 doses
56
Q

What vaccines are considered inactive? (and administration is IM)

A
  1. Td
  2. Tdap
  3. Hep A
  4. Hep B
  5. HPV
  6. Influenza
  7. Pneumococcal vaccines
  8. MCV4
  9. IPV
57
Q

What vaccines are considered live vaccinations?

given SQ

A
  1. MMR
  2. Zostavax
  3. Varicella
  4. Yellow fever
58
Q

If you have to give two or more live vaccines

A

give them together or you have to wait 28 days in-between

59
Q

If you have to give two or more inactivated vaccines

A

Give them together or at any interval between doses

60
Q

When is a vaccine considered invalid?

A

If the dose is given TOO SOON or if the dose is given BEFORE age requirement
must be administered within 5 days of the due date or the vaccination is invalid

61
Q

What vaccines are seen on a titers serology?

A
  1. MMR
  2. Varicella
  3. Tetanus
  4. Diphtheria
  5. Hep A
  6. Hep B
  7. IPV
62
Q

What information has to be included on the vaccination information sheet?

A
  1. Providers have to provide a VIS when the vaccine is going to bee given explaining benefits and risks
  2. The date the VIS was provided
  3. The name, address, and title of the individual who administered the vaccine
  4. Date and time of administration
  5. Vaccine manufacturer and lot number

ADVANCED ADULT HEALTH 1 (3 decks)

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