immunization Flashcards
carrier protein that enhances immunologic response
conjugating proteins
saline, sterile water
suspending fluids/vehicles
common preservative used especially in multiple doses that kill orminhibit growth of microorganism
thimerosal
aluminum salt to increased immunogenicity and prolong stimulatory effect
adjuvants
administration techniques
intradermal
subcu
intramuscular
Philippines EPI vaccines
BCG hep B DTwP Hib Hep B OPV rotavirus PCV maseles MMR/MR Td
live vaccine given at earliest time possible
Bacillus Calmette Guarin
dosage of BCG
.05 mL ID / .1 mL ID
PPD is not necessary for healthy infants >2 months not given BCG at birth unless
suspected congenital TB
clinical and xray siggestive og TB
history fo close contact to suspected and known cases
contraindications of BCG
immunodef
progressive dermatoses near site of infection
adverse rxns of BCG
abscess
regional lymphadenopathy
osteitis affecting epiphysis of long bones
usual and accelerated rxns of induration of BCG
2-4weeks; 2-4 days
usual and accelerated rxns of pustule formation of BCG
5-7 wks; 5-7 days
usual and accelerated rxns of scar formation in BCG
2-3mos; 2-3 wks
Hep B: active or inactived?
inactivated
dose of Hep B
- 5 mL IM (10 mcg)
1. 0 mL IM (20 mcg)
schedule of hep B
birth-6-10-14 weeks
0-1-6 mos
adverse rxn of hep B
pain
swelling
what to do if mother is HBsAg
- 5 ml IM Hep B vaccine @ birth within 12 hrs
0. 5 mL IM HBIg within 12 hrs
breastfeeding: risk or no risk for hep B virus?
no risk with appropriate administration of vaccine and Ig
DTP: which are toxoids
DT
DTP: which are whole cell inactivated or killed vaccine or accelular pertussis
P
pertussis vaccine may be
whole cell or acellular
dose of DTP
0.5 mL IM
schedule of DTP
6-10-14 wks
4th dose @ 1yr after 3rd
5th dose @ 4-6yrs
usual rxns for DTP
low fever 72hrs
restlessness
irritability
pain and swelling
adverse rxns of DTP
high fever seizure sever irrita somnolence lethargy uncontrolabble crying
if a patient develops any of the DTwP, what to do
recommended nxt dose of DTaP
OPV: live or inactivated?
live
schedu of OPV
6-10-14 wks
4th dose @ 12-18 mos
5th dose @ 4-6 yrs
administartion of OPV
oral
contraindications for OPV
altered immune antineoplastics or chemo high dose steroids HIV prgs on radiation contact with immunocom patients
advwerse of OPV
paralysis
IPV: live or ianctivated
inactivated
dose of IPV
0.5 mL IM
HIB what kind of vaccine
polysacch protein conjugate vaccine
dose of HIB
0.,5 mL IM
schedule of HIB
6-10-14 wks booster @ 1-5yrs
2-4-6 mos booster @ 1yr after 3rd dose
rxns to HIB
low grade fev
pain
swelling
for high risk unimmunized 5year old childern or older, give 1 dose if
sickle cell dse
leukemia
HIV
splenectomy
rotavirus vaccine: live or inactivated?
live
itsura ng rotavirus vacc
clear, colorless, liquid free of visible particles
ready to use no reconstituion needed
preparation of rotavirus vacc
1.5 mL oral suspension
storage of rotavirus vacc
2 to 8 oC
schedules of doses of rotavirus
1st dose: all infnts 6 weeks to 14wks6days old
2nd dose: 10-32 wks 9final dose 8mos and 0 days)
how to admin RV
semi reclining position
press cheeks to open mouth
angle tube towars inner cheek
what kind of vaccine pneumococcal protein conjugate
polysacch protein conjugate
dose of PCV
0.5 mL IM
sched of PCV
6-10-14 wks
2-4-6 mos
booster at 6-12mos after 3rd
dose of PPV
0.5 mL IM
PPV given children >2 yo with underlying conditions:
anatomic or functional asplenia HIV chornic lung dse renal dse cochlear implants CSF leaks
what kind of vacc ang measles vacc
live attenuated
dose of measles
0.5 mL SC
sched of measles
9mos but can be 6 mos if outbreak
side rxns of measles
fever with or without rash 5-12days after vacc
contraindications of measles vacc
preg
immunocompromised
what kind of vacc ang MMR
live attenuated
dose of MMR
0.5 mL SC
sched of MMR
1st dose @ 12-15 mos
2nd dose 4-6yo
rxns of MMR
measles fever
mumps swelling of parotid
transient arthritis or arthtralgia
post auricular lymphadenopathy
contraindications for MMR
immunocompromised
pregnant
dose of flu vacc
6-35mos 0.25 mL
> 3 yo 0.5 mL
route for flu vacc
IM or SC
sched of flu vacc
annual before flu season
how to sched flu vacc when giving to children <9 yrs receiving the vacc the first time
2 doses given 2 wks apart
indications for flu vacc
all chil 6-59mos high risk chil (chronic cardivascu, chronic pulmo and asthma, chro ic metabolic and DM, chornic renal, immunocom and HIV and hemoglobinopathoes chil on long term salicylate therapy all household contacts of #1-3 adult over 60yrs
what kind of vacc ang varicella vacc
live attenuated viral vaccine
dose of varicella vacc
0.5 mL SC
sched of varicella vacc
1st @ 12-15 mos
2nd @ 4-6 yrs
can be given within 5 days from exposure to person infected
rxns to varicella vacc
varicella-like lesions 2-3 wks to a month after, may develop shingles
why is varicella vacc so safe
so weak cannot be transferred to another person
can be given to children living with immuneweak shit people
may be given to chil with preggy nanays
what kind of vacc ang hep A
inactivated viral antigen
dose of hep A
1-18 yo 720 U (0.5 mL)
>19 yo 1440 U (1.0 mL)
sched of hep A
1st @ >12mos
2nd @ 6-12 mos after
route of hep A vacc
IM
rxns to hep A
pain
local swelling
indications for hep A
all chil >12 mos
traveling to areas of prevalence
occupational hazard
when immunity is desired aka kung trip mo lng
what kind of vacc ang HPV
inactivated vacc
dose of HPV
0.5 mL IM
bivalent HPV prevents what
precancers and cancers
quadrivalent HPV prevents
cervical pre and cancers
vaginal anf vulvar cancers
genital warts in males andfemales
when most effectively given to male and female ang HPV
before exposure through sexy time
reminders for live vaccines
wait 2 weeks before giving Igs
reminder for Igs
wait 3 months or longer before giving vacc
reminder when giving 2 or more IM injections
distance of 2.5 cm if 2 IM injections are given in the same thigh
reminder for anaphylaxis
epinephrine 1:1000
0.01 mL/kg up to maximum 0.5 mL
reminder when administering 2 or more live psrenterals
4 weeks interval if not simultaneous
