Immunity Study Guide Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
a pathogen is an organism that enters the body and infects the healthy cell tissue
What is an antigen?
an antigen is the protein that serves as the stimulus to produce an immune response
What are the body’s 3 lines of defense? What is one example for each?
physical and chemical barriers (innate immunity, hair, tears)
non specific resistance (innate immunity, inflammation)
specific resistance (acquired immunity, phagocytic cells)
What type of enzyme is found in your tears, perspiration, and saliva?
lysozyme
What is pus?
pus is white blood cells, bacterial cells and damaged tissue
Patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis must be placed in what type of room? Why?
A negative pressure room, because TB is airborne and this ensures that the contaminated air can get filtered before coming in contact with anyone else
What are phagocytic cells?
phagocytic cells are what ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into the body tissue
What is an example of a phagocytic cell?
a macrophage, they come from monocytes (a type of white blood cell) macrophages leave the blood stream and enter the body tissue to patrol for pathogens
What are the roles of the different T cells?
The cytotoxic T cell kills anything and everything
The helper T cell coordinates the attack against the pathogen with the B cells and T cells
The suppressor T cells say when to shut off the immune response/stop attacking
What is the role of the mast cell?
the mast cell triggers the inflammation response by releasing, serotonin, heparin, and histamine
What is phagocytosis?
What is the purpose of inflammation?
The purpose of inflammation is to seclude the pathogen or infection into one area, bring red blood cells to the area and heat it up to stop the spread of infection and kill the pathogen
What is the role of heparin?
heparin helps to prevent blood clots from forming when blood is secreted to one area cause by inflammation, it also helps heal the damaged tissue
What activates the T cell?
Interleukin-1
What are the chemicals released by the mast cell and what do they do?
hystamine-
serotonin-
heparin-
What is the purpose of a fever?
a fever inhibits bacterial growth and increases the rate of tissue repair during an infection
What causes perforations in the infected cell’s plasma membrane and causes it to lyse?
What is the role of interleukin-1?
interleukin-1 activates the T cells, it also patrols the body for unknown pathogens and known pathogens that have a marker
What cell is responsible for shutting down the immune response?
The suppressor T cell
What is usually the cause of death for a patient diagnosed with AIDS?
secondary infection because AIDS suppresses your immune system and you can’t fight off infection
What is the role of the helper T cell?
The helper T cell helps to coordinate the attack against a pathogen with the B cells and T cells
What causes autoimmune disease?
What is the difference between Johnson and Johnson COVID vaccine and the Moderna/Pfizer vaccine?
Johnson and Johnson is a spike protein vaccine so it targets specific strands of the covid virus
Moderna/Pfizer is an mRNA vaccine so it targets a more broad version of the covid virus
What kind of treatment do we commonly use with patients diagnosed with COVID?
steriods
