Immunity Study Guide

Question 1

What is a pathogen?

Answer 1

a pathogen is an organism that enters the body and infects the healthy cell tissue

Question 2

What is an antigen?

Answer 2

an antigen is the protein that serves as the stimulus to produce an immune response

Question 3

What are the body’s 3 lines of defense? What is one example for each?

Answer 3

physical and chemical barriers (innate immunity, hair, tears)
non specific resistance (innate immunity, inflammation)
specific resistance (acquired immunity, phagocytic cells)

Question 4

What type of enzyme is found in your tears, perspiration, and saliva?

Answer 4

lysozyme

Question 5

What is pus?

Answer 5

pus is white blood cells, bacterial cells and damaged tissue

Question 6

Patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis must be placed in what type of room? Why?

Answer 6

A negative pressure room, because TB is airborne and this ensures that the contaminated air can get filtered before coming in contact with anyone else

Question 7

What are phagocytic cells?

Answer 7

phagocytic cells are what ingest and destroy all microbes that pass into the body tissue

Question 8

What is an example of a phagocytic cell?

Answer 8

a macrophage, they come from monocytes (a type of white blood cell) macrophages leave the blood stream and enter the body tissue to patrol for pathogens

Question 9

What are the roles of the different T cells?

Answer 9

The cytotoxic T cell kills anything and everything
The helper T cell coordinates the attack against the pathogen with the B cells and T cells
The suppressor T cells say when to shut off the immune response/stop attacking

Question 10

What is the role of the mast cell?

Answer 10

the mast cell triggers the inflammation response by releasing, serotonin, heparin, and histamine

Question 11

What is phagocytosis?

Question 12

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 12

The purpose of inflammation is to seclude the pathogen or infection into one area, bring red blood cells to the area and heat it up to stop the spread of infection and kill the pathogen

Question 13

What is the role of heparin?

Answer 13

heparin helps to prevent blood clots from forming when blood is secreted to one area cause by inflammation, it also helps heal the damaged tissue

Question 14

What activates the T cell?

Answer 14

Interleukin-1

Question 15

What are the chemicals released by the mast cell and what do they do?

Answer 15

hystamine-
serotonin-
heparin-

Question 16

What is the purpose of a fever?

Answer 16

a fever inhibits bacterial growth and increases the rate of tissue repair during an infection

Question 17

What causes perforations in the infected cell’s plasma membrane and causes it to lyse?

Question 18

What is the role of interleukin-1?

Answer 18

interleukin-1 activates the T cells, it also patrols the body for unknown pathogens and known pathogens that have a marker

Question 19

What cell is responsible for shutting down the immune response?

Answer 19

The suppressor T cell

Question 20

What is usually the cause of death for a patient diagnosed with AIDS?

Answer 20

secondary infection because AIDS suppresses your immune system and you can’t fight off infection

Question 21

What is the role of the helper T cell?

Answer 21

The helper T cell helps to coordinate the attack against a pathogen with the B cells and T cells

Question 22

What causes autoimmune disease?

Question 23

What is the difference between Johnson and Johnson COVID vaccine and the Moderna/Pfizer vaccine?

Answer 23

Johnson and Johnson is a spike protein vaccine so it targets specific strands of the covid virus
Moderna/Pfizer is an mRNA vaccine so it targets a more broad version of the covid virus

Question 24

What kind of treatment do we commonly use with patients diagnosed with COVID?

Answer 24

steriods