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(Biology 1): 6/10,1/10,1/11,6/11,1/12,6/12,1/13, 6/13 > Immunity definitions (p) > Flashcards

Immunity definitions (p) Flashcards

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1
Q

antibody

A

molecule secreted by plasma cells in response to stimulation by an antigen

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2
Q

antigen

A

molecule that triggers an immune response

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3
Q

pathogen

A

disease causing organism

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4
Q

non specific immune response

A

defences in the body that do not distinguish between antigens and have no memory element

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5
Q

specific immune response

A

the system where lymphocytes are stimulated specifically in response to one antigen . The system has memory.

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6
Q

neutrophyls

A

Granulocytes circulating in the blood phagocytosing antigens

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7
Q

t lymphocytes

A

agranulocytes produced by the bone marrow and matured in the thymus gland

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8
Q

b lymphocytes

A

agranulocytes produced in the bone marrow and matured in the bone marrow

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9
Q

macrophages

A

differentiated monocytes that migrate to tissues and ar e phagocytic

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10
Q

antigen presentation

A

forgeign antigens are displayed on the cell surface membrane of the macrophage

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11
Q

clonal selection

A

presented antigen selected T helper and B cells with complementary receptors to the antigen.

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12
Q

clonal expansion

A

production of large numbers of identical B lymphocytes under the influence of cytokines released by T helper cells.

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13
Q

cloning

A

dividing cells that produce identical daughter cells.

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14
Q

Some white blood cells are phagocytic. Describe how these phagocytic white blood cells destroy bacteria.

A
  1. Phagocyte attracted to bacteria by chemicals / recognise antigens on bacteria as foreign2. Engulf/ingest bacteria3. Bacteria in vacuole / vesicle4. Lysosome fuses with / empties enzymes into vacuole5. Bacteria digested / hydrolysed
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15
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

(Micro)organism that causes disease / harm to body / an immune response

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16
Q

When a pathogen enters the body it may be destroyed by phagocytosis. Describe how

A
  1. Phagocyte attracted by a substance/ recognises (foreign) antigen2. (Pathogen)engulfed/ ingested3. Enclosed in vacuole/ vesicle/ phagosome4. (Vacuole) fuses/joins with lysosome5. Lysosome contains enzymes6.Pathogendigested/molecules hydrolysed
17
Q

When a pathogen causes an infection, plasma cells secrete antibodies which destroy this pathogen.Explain why these antibodies are only effective against a specific pathogen

A
  1. Antigens (on pathogen) are a specific shape/ have specific tertiary / 3D structure2. Antibody fits/binds / is complementary to antigen/ antibody-antigen complex forms/molecules hydrolysed

(Biology 1): 6/10,1/10,1/11,6/11,1/12,6/12,1/13, 6/13 (19 decks)

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