IMMUNITY and WBCs

Question 1

what do LEUCOCYTES do?

Answer 1

1. defends against infection by viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens
2. Identify and destroy cancer cells
3. Remove injured, dead or dying cells and debris- essential for normal would healing and tissue repair

THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR IMMUNE RESPONSES

Question 2

Myeloid Cells

Answer 2

Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Mast Cell
Monocyte/ Macrophage / Dendritic cells

Question 3

Lymphoid Cells

Answer 3

B Lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes
NK cells

Question 4

Neutrophil staining

Answer 4

The multi lobed nucleus stains dark purple

granular cytoplasm stains light blue

granules contain enzymes/ antibacterial substances

Question 5

What is a Neutrophil?

Answer 5

Most important phagocytic cell

They engulf toxins, viruses, foreign cells

when neutrophil increase it is suggestive of infection

the inability to make neutrophils to conditions of defective function can produce overwhelming infections

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

Smallest WBC and it is only slightly larger than RBC

The cytoplasm is agranular and stains pale blue

The nuclease is dark blue and it is proportionally large, almost filling cell

Question 7

B Lymphocyte

Answer 7

Lymphocyes part of the specific immune response

activated B Lymphoctes become plasma cells

plasma cells site of antibody production

antibodies only bind to substance that triggered their production in the first place

Question 8

What are Antibodies?

Answer 8

Large Y shapes proteins which specifically bind to and attack different invading organisms

Each can bind 2 bacteria but they must be the same

2 antibodies can be bound to the same bacteria causing clumping or agglutination

Then the bacteria are burst or Phagocytosed by phagocytes (macrophages)

Question 9

T-Lymphocytes

2 classes of T- CELLS?

Answer 9

Helper (TH cells)

Cytotoxic (CTL’s)

Question 10

Helper (TH Cells)

Answer 10

activate other cells of the immune system

TH1 cels activate macrophages

TH2 cells activate B cells

Also known as CD4+ cells

Question 11

Cytotoxic (CTL’s)

Answer 11

Directly kill cells infected with viruses

Also known as CD8+ cells

Question 12

Natural Killer Cell
(NK cell)

Answer 12

This is a sub-class of lymphocytes

Involved I non specific destruction of Virus infected cells

Non-specific action means they are part of innate immunity

Question 13

Monocyte/Macrophage

Answer 13

Cytplasm granular
it is the largest white blood cell
abundant light blue cytoplasm
U or kidney bean shaped nucleus - stains dark blue/purple

Question 14

Eosinophil

Answer 14

Granular Cytoplasm - granules stain pink/red

wo-lobed nucleus stains more blue in colour

Question 15

Eosinophil

Answer 15

Large granulocytic cell

granules contain enzymes effective against parasitic worms in larval for

cells also break down antibody- antigen complexes

Eosinophils also significant in allergic disease

Question 16

Basophil

Answer 16

Cytoplasmic granules so large often obscure nucleus

Granules stain deep blue/pruple

uncommon white blood cells in peripheral blood - less than 1%

Question 17

Basophil

Answer 17

least common white blood cell

poorly understood

Granules contain histamine and heparin therefore similar function

High out found in chickenpox!

Question 18

Mast Cells

Answer 18

TISSUE CELLS - NOT FOUND IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD

Mast cells come from the bone marrow but unlike other WBC, mast cells are released into the tissue

These are long lived cells important in the inflammatory response, specifically around parasitic infections and allergic reactions

Question 19

Mast Cells

Answer 19

Granules contain histamine and heparin

Histamine important in inflammation and allergic processes

Heparin is an anticoagulant, which also removes fat particles from blood after high-fat meals

cells degranulate and release chemicals in response to appropriate stimulation

Question 20

what is the immune system made up of?

Answer 20

1) cels
2)soluble chemicals