Immunity and Vaccines

Question 1

What is active immunity?

Answer 1

The immunity you get when your immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by an antigen.

Question 2

What are the 2 different types of active immunity?

Answer 2

1. Natural - immune after catching a disease.

2. Artificial - immune after vaccine.

Question 3

What is passive immunity?

Answer 3

The immunity you get from being given antibodies made by a different organism.

Question 4

What are the 2 different types of passive immunity?

Answer 4

1. Natural - baby becomes immune through receiving antibodies from mother in breast milk and placenta.
2. Artificial - immune from being injected with antibodies from someone else.

Question 5

Name 4 differences between active and passive immunity:

Answer 5

1. Active requires exposure to pathogen whereas passive doesn’t.
2. Active takes a while for protection to develop whereas passive is immediate.
3. Active produces memory cells whereas passive doesn’t.
4. Active protection is long-term whereas passive is short-term

Question 6

What are vaccines?

Answer 6

They help to avoid suffering from disease as they contain antigens that cause your body to produce memory cells against a pathogen, without it causing disease. Immune without causing the disease.

Question 7

What is herd immunity?

Answer 7

Those who have not been vaccinated are less likely to get the disease because there are fewer people to catch it from and a reduced occurrence of the disease.

Question 8

What is a disadvantage of taking a vaccine orally?

Answer 8

Could be broken down by enzymes in gut or molecules of the vaccine may be too big to be absorbed.

Question 9

What are the ethical issues with vaccines?

Answer 9

1. Animal testing
2. Testing on humans is risky
3. Risk of side effects
4. Who is first to receive vaccine.