HIV and Viruses Flashcards
1
Q
What does HIV lead to?
A
AIDS
2
Q
Which cells do HIV infect?
A
Helper T-cells
3
Q
What is the initial infection like of HIV?
A
- Initial rate is very fast as replication is rapid so person may experience extreme symptoms
- After, replication drops to lower level called latency period where person won’t experience symptoms
4
Q
What are the initial symptoms of AIDS?
A
- minor infections of mucus membranes
- recurring respiratory infections
5
Q
As AIDS progresses what are the symptoms?
A
-susceptible to more serious diseases such as chronic diarrhoea, severe bacterial infections and TB
6
Q
During later stages of AIDS what are the symptoms?
A
- toxoplasmosis of the brain
- candidiasis of the respiratory system
7
Q
What factors affect the progression of HIV to AIDS?
A
- existing conditions
- strain of HIV
- age
- access to healthcare
8
Q
What is the structure of HIV?
A
- spherical
- core containing RNA and reverse transcriptase needed for replication
- capsid
- envelope made from membrane stolen from cell membrane of host cell
- attachment proteins
9
Q
How does HIV replicate?
A
- Attachment protein attaches to receptor molecule on host t-cell.
- Capsid released into cell and releases RNA.
- Reverse transcriptase used to make complementary strand of DNA from viral RNA.
- Double-stranded DNA created and inserted into human DNA.
- Host cell enzymes make viral proteins from viral DNA in human DNA.
- Viral proteins assembled into new viruses.
10
Q
How do antibiotics kill bacteria?
A
Interfere with metabolic reactions.
11
Q
How do antiviral drugs target viruses?
A
Target virus-specific enzymes.
12
Q
How can HIV infection be controlled?
A
- antiviral drugs
- protected sex
- not sharing needles
