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Animal Diseases > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of external barriers.

A

Skin, mucous membranes, lining of the GI tract, lining of the urinary tract, secretions

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2
Q

How does the skin protect us?

A

Sweat, hair, oil glands

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3
Q

Examples of mucous membrane barriers.

A

Eyes,close, mouth, urethra, colon

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4
Q

Examples of non specific immunity?

A

Physical barriers, chemical barriers, species specific immunity, inflammation

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5
Q

Series of steps for inflammation.

A

Inflammatory cascade

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6
Q

What happens during inflammation?

A

Cells release chemical mediators which attract cells to the area, dilate blood vessels and increase vessel permeability

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7
Q

Produced by cells when viruses are present?

A

Interferon

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8
Q

Produced by cells with infection or inflammation?

A

Complement

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9
Q

Four characteristics of inflammation?

A

Heat, redness, swelling, pain

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10
Q

What is found in mast cell granules?

A

Histamines

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11
Q

The body attacking a specific organism.

A

Specific immunity

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12
Q

Two arms of specific immunity?

A

Humoral, cell mediated

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13
Q

What happens during cell mediated immunity?

A

White blood cells

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14
Q

What do T cells do?

A

Float around looking for cells without surface markers (antigens) that signal the body that they belong there

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15
Q

Active In tissues which activate anti inflammatory functions.

A

Macrophages

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16
Q

What happens during macrophage Immunity?

A

Can phagocytose if small enough

17
Q

Antibody production stimulated by an antigen (b-cell response).

A

Humoral immunity

18
Q

Where are B cells found?

A

Bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes

19
Q

Serve as memory for our immune system?

A

B cells

20
Q

Same thing as antibodies.

A

Immunoglobulin

21
Q

Types of antibodies.

A

A, M, D, E, G

22
Q

How is an antibody shape?

A

Y shaped with a constant region (handle) and a variable region (arms)

23
Q

Born with cells already recognizing pathogen.

A

Inherited

24
Q

Cells are presented with pathogen to make antibodies and form memory.

A

Acquired

25
Q

Given to the body without needing to make your own antibodies.

A

Passive immunity

26
Q

Your body makes your own antibodies.

A

Active am unity

27
Q

Modes of transmission.

A

Direct, indirect

28
Q

Animals who are natural hosts.

A

Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, flies

29
Q

Ingestion, touching, droplet, absorption.

A

Direct transmission

30
Q

Fomites, soil, dust, vectors.

A

Indirect transmission

31
Q

What is a dead end host?

A

Last host in the chain because they can’t live on us

32
Q

What does immunity protect against?

A

Toxins, bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses and harsh conditions

Animal Diseases (4 decks)

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