Cardiovascular Flashcards
What causes heart failure?
When a heart can’t pump at the necessary rate (lack of oxygen)
What is DCM?
Dilated cardiomyopathy - dilation of the heart chambers
What happens during DCM?
Damage weakens the heart muscle, weakness causes poor contractions, contractions decrease cardiac output, decreased out out causes enlarged chambers
Clinical signs of DCM?
Death, lethargy, exercise intolerant, difficulty breathing, restless, weak
What symptoms are seen in late DCM?
Murmurs, arrhythmias, tachycardia, syncope
Symptoms of end stage DCM?
Fluids going out of the vessels (pulmonary edema, pleural fluid, ascites)
How can we diagnose DCM?
Radiograph for heart enlargement, EKG for abnormal patterns, echocardiograph to evaluate function
How can we treat DCM?
Use an increased cardiac output drug (Digoxin, pimobendin), use ACE inhibitor to open vessels and decrease water, nutritional support (taurine, carnitine)
What is HCM?
Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Symptoms of HCM?
Lethargy, weakness, syncope, dyspnea, sudden death, heart murmur
How can we diagnose HCM?
Radiograph, EKG, echocardiograph
What drugs are most commonly used for HCM?
Propranolol, diltiazem - slow down
A common side effect for HCM?
Aortic thromboembolism
What is an aortic thromboembolism?
Clot down by the aortic break causing hind leg paralysis
How do you treat an aortic thromboembolism?
Promote circulation, pain medication, thrombolytic
What is PDA?
Patent ductus arteriosus
What is the job of the heart?
To transport nutrient to cells and remove waste from cells
Most common congenital heart disease in dogs.
PDA
Most common sound of a PDA?
Washing machine murmur
How is a PDA treated?
Surgery
Variation in normal heart rate or rhythm?
Arrhythmias
Nor organized atrial contraction and decreased cardiac output arrhythmia?
Atrial fibrillation arrhythmia
Hallmark sign of atrial fibrillation.
No P wave on QRS
Arrhythmia without a QRS complex.
Ventricular fibrillation
A life threatening arrhythmia that needs CPR or defibrillation or death will occur.
Ventricular fibrillation
Arrhythmia causing a bizarre, wide complex.
Pre,a true ventricular contraction
A murmur between he two beats.
Systolic
Murmur happening during filling of the heart.
Diastolic
