Immunity 1st, 2nd, 3rd

Question 1

What type of immunity is referred to as the body’s non-specific defense mechanism?

a) Innate Immunity
b) Adaptive Immunity
c) Acquired Immunity
d) Passive Immunity

Answer 1

a) Innate Immunity

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a physiological process in innate immunity?

a) Vomiting
b) Antibody production
c) Memory cell formation
d) Vaccination

Answer 2

a) Vomiting

Question 3

What role does normal flora play in the first line of defense?

a) They act as physical barriers
b) They produce antibodies
c) They compete with pathogens, preventing their colonization
d) They trigger inflammatory responses

Answer 3

c) They compete with pathogens, preventing their colonization

Question 4

Which chemical defense is characterized by a low pH that helps to protect the body?

a) Salts in cerumen
b) Fatty acids in sebaceous glands
c) Acids in the stomach
d) Oxygen tension

Answer 4

c) Acids in the stomach

Question 5

How does cilia contribute to the body’s defense?

a) By trapping and removing pathogens from the respiratory tract
b) By lowering the body temperature
c) By producing sebum
d) By raising the pH in the stomach

Answer 5

a) By trapping and removing pathogens from the respiratory tract

Question 6

Which process is responsible for the mechanical removal of pathogens from the body?

a) Defecation
b) Antibody production
c) Memory cell formation
d) Vaccination

Answer 6

a) Defecation

Question 7

Which of the following is responsible for promoting innate immunity and is secreted in the second line of defense?

a) Hydrolytic enzymes
b) Complement proteins
c) Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
d) Acute Reactants

Answer 7

c) Interleukin 6 (IL-6)

Question 8

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) in the second line of defense primarily functions to:

a) Promote innate immunity
b) Kill tumor cells
c) Promote elimination of pathogens through cell lysis
d) Activate NK cells

Answer 8

b) Kill tumor cells

Question 9

Which substance promotes the inflammatory response and is secreted as part of the second line of defense?

a) Interleukin 1 (IL-1)
b) Interferons
c) Acute Reactants
d) NK cells

Answer 9

a) Interleukin 1 (IL-1)

Question 10

other name for IFN-a

Answer 10

Leukocyte IFN

Question 11

Epithelial Fibroblast IFN also known as

Answer 11

IFN-B

Question 12

IFN-Y other name

Answer 12

Immune IFN

Question 12

CD marker for HIV

Answer 12

CD+4 or T Helper Cells

Question 13

Which interferon has the function for Anti-Viral?

Answer 13

IFN-B

Question 14

What is the primary function of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in the body?

a) Removal of cholesterol
b) Protease inhibitor
c) Opsonization & complement activation
d) Clot formation

Answer 14

c) Opsonization & complement activation

Question 15

Which acute-phase reactant has the fastest response time?

a) Serum amyloid A
b) Alpha₁-antitrypsin
c) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
d) Ceruloplasmin

Answer 15

c) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Question 16

Which of the following acute-phase reactants is primarily responsible for clot formation?

a) Haptoglobin
b) Fibrinogen
c) Complement C3
d) Serum amyloid A

Answer 16

b) Fibrinogen

Question 17

What is the normal concentration range of Alpha₁-antitrypsin in mg/dl?

a) 0.5
b) 3.0
c) 200-400
d) 40-200

Answer 17

c) 200-400

Question 18

Which acute-phase reactant is known for binding copper and oxidizing iron?
a) Ceruloplasmin
b) Complement C3
c) Mannose-binding protein
d) Serum amyloid A

Answer 18

Ceruloplasmin

Question 18

hat is the function of Serum amyloid A during the acute phase response?

a) Protease inhibitor
b) Binds hemoglobin
c) Removal of cholesterol
d) Complement activation

Answer 18

Removal Of Chelesterol

Question 19

Which acute-phase reactant has a response time of 48-72 hours and is involved in complement activation and lysis?
a) Complement C3
b) Alpha₁-antitrypsin
c) Haptoglobin
d) Mannose-binding protein

Answer 19

Complement C3

Question 20

What is the function of Mannose-binding protein in the immune response?
a) Opsonization
b) Complement activation
c) Binds copper
d) Protease inhibition

Answer 20

complement activation

Question 21

The enhancement of phagocytosis through opsonization involves which molecules?
a) C3b, IgG1, and IgG3
b) PRRs and PAMPS
c) Nitric Oxide
d) Oxygen-independent mechanisms

Answer 21

C3b, IgG1, and IgG3

Question 22

Which of the following phagocytes is the first to react to an antigen or infection?
a) Monocytes
b) Dendritic Cells
c) Neutrophils / Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMNs)
d) Macrophages

Answer 22

c) Neutrophils / Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils (PMNs)

Question 23

Which step in phagocytosis involves the formation of a phagosome?
a) Adhesion
b) Digestion
c) Ingestion
d) Opsonization

Answer 23

ingestion

Question 24

Which macrophages are found in the spleen?
a) Kupffer Cells
b) Mesangial Cells
c) Littoral Cells
d) Osteoclasts

Answer 24

littoral cells

Question 25

n phagocytosis, what do Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) recognize on pathogens?
a) C3b
b) IgG
c) PAMPS (Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns)
d) Nitric Oxide

Answer 25

PAMPS

Question 26

hich of the following is produced by Myeloperoxidase during an oxygen-dependent mechanism?
a) Hydrogen peroxide
b) Superoxide anion
c) Hydroxyl radical
d) Hypochlorite

Answer 26

Hypochlorite

Question 27

Which of the following best describes Natural Killer (NK) cells?
a) Phagocytic cells
b) Specific immunity cells
c) Large granular lymphocytes (LGL)
d) Antigen-presenting cells

Answer 27

large granular cells

Question 28

Which process is associated with the consumption of oxygen to produce reactive oxygen intermediates during phagocytosis?
a) Apoptosis
b) Respiratory burst
c) Opsonization
d) ADCC

Answer 28

respiratory burst

Question 29

What is the role of CD 56 and CD 16 in NK cells?
a) To produce reactive oxygen intermediates
b) To act as receptors for NK cell activation
c) To phagocytize pathogens
d) To enhance antigen presentation

Answer 29

acts as a receptors for NK Cell activation