Immunity Flashcards
What are red blood cells scientifically known as?
erythrocytes
What are the 5 kinds of white blood cells?
- monocytes
- neutrophil
- basophil
- eosinophil
- lymphocytes
What are white blood cells scientifically known as?
leukocytes
What is immunity?
Immunity is the body’s ability to defend itself against harmful pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other foreign substances.
What are the two main types of immunity?
Innate Immunity
Acquired (Adaptive) Immunity
What is innate immunity?
Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defense. It is a nonspecific immune response that includes physical barriers, chemical defences, and immune cells that attack pathogens immediately upon entry.
What are some key components of innate immunity?
Physical barriers (eg. Skin, mucous and cilia)
Chemical barriers (eg. Stomach acid, lysozyme in tears and saliva)
Immune cells (eg. neutrophils, macrophages)
Inflammation - A response to infection that involves swelling, redness, and heat to limit the spread of pathogens)
What is the role of phagocytes in innate immunity?
macrophages and neutrophils are white blood cells that engulf and digest pathogens
What is acquired (adaptive) immunity?
A specific immune response that is developed after exposure to a pathogen. This immunity “remembers” past infections for faster response in the future.
What are T cells and B cells in adaptive immunity?
T cells - A type of white blood cell that attacks infected cells directly or helps activate other immune cells (helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells).
B cells - A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
What is the job of antibodies?
Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that recognize and bind to specific antigens on pathogens, marking them for destruction or neutralizing them directly.
What are the steps of the immune response?
Recognition - The immune system detects foreign invaders (antigens) on pathogens.
Activation - T cells and B cells are activated to respond to the pathogen.
Effector phase - B cells produce antibodies, and T cells attack infected cells.
Resolution - The immune system clears the pathogen, and memory cells are formed.
What is the role of helper T cells in the immune response?
Helper T cells assist in activating other immune cells
( eg. B cells, cytotoxic T cells)
What is the role of cytotoxic T cells in the immune response?
Killer T cells kill infected cells directly by recognizing infected cells that display foreign antigens on their surface.
What is a pathogen?
any microorganism that causes a disease in its host.
What is an Antigen?
a substance identified as foreign that triggers an immunity response
What is the first line of defence?
What is the second like of defence?
1st
- skin
- ear wax
- stomach acid
- tears
- mucous
- vaginal acid
2nd
- dendritic cell
- macrophage
What is a natural killer?
non specific cell that kills any cells that aren’t acting properly
What is an antibody?
proteins produced by an immune response
What is humoral immunity?
Type of adaptive immunity that involves antibodies produced by B cells to fight pathogens.
What is cell-mediated immunity?
Cell mediated immunity is a type of adaptive immunity that involves T cells (such as helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells) to combat infected cells, cancer cells, or foreign cells.
What is hemophilia?
inherited, insufficient clotting patterns
What is anemia?
red blood cells don’t carry oxygen well
What is leukaemia?
cancer of the white blood cells
What is the third line of defence?
a specfic immune response to foriegn invaders where the white blood cells will destroy a specfic antigen, also will remeber it throughh memory T cells
