Immunity Flashcards
immunity
a physiologic process that provides an individual with protection or defense from disease
acquired immunity
produced by prior exposure or antibody production
innate immunity
genetically determined- no prior exposure
what you are born with
ex. flora in intestines
active immunity
produced by antibodies that develop in response to antigens
immune response
MY body creates
naturally acquired immunity
develops after exposure to antigens in environment
induced acquired immunity
develops after administration of antigen to prevent disease
ex. after getting flu vaccine
passive immunity
produced by transfer of antibodies from another person
you get from others
induced passive immunity
conferred by administration of antibodies to combat infection
natural passive immunity
conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies across placenta or in breast milk
chart:
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immunity
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innate immunity
anti-inflammation
anti-aging
ant-cancer
attributes of immunity
healthy state
normal WBC and different counts
negative bacterial and viral cultures
soft, non-tender lymph nodes
recognition of self
recognition of foreign proteins
malnutrition risk factors
protein
psychological, social, and environmental
oral and dental disorders
swallowing disorders
psychiatric disorders
changes in mental status
other neurological disorders
long term drug therapy/polymedication
acute/chronic diseases
dependency of ADLs
restrictive diets
antigen
proteins that induce an immune response when they enter the body
antigens can be found within:
microorganisms
vaccines
transplanted organs
allergens
inflammation
cellular response of injury, infection, or irritation
localized S/S of inflammation
redness
swelling
heat
pain
loss of function
systemic S/S of inflammation
fever
increased WBC
malaise
anorexia
n/v
lymph node tenderness/enlargement
inflammation response
inflammation is a nonspecific response to something that is harmful to the body
ex. infection, injury, or allergen
chronic inflammation
chronic response
cause of inflammation remains active
tissue destruction continues
scar tissue may continue to form rather than normal functional tissue
response to infections is inadequate
patient experiences chronic symptoms
**inflammation plays a role in many chronic diseases
allergic response
hypersensitive immune reaction to a substance that normally is harmless or would not cause an immune response in everyone
can range mild to life threatening
histamine released
body produces antibody to the substance
factors increasing host susceptibility to infection
developmental
breaks in first line of defense
illness or injury/chronic disease
smoking
substance abuse
multiple sex partners
environmental factors
invasive procedures
surpassed immune system/medications
malnutrition
infections are frequent and chronic in malnutrition
protein- energy malnutrition results in
thymus changes
micronutrients deficiency affects
innate and adaptive immunity response
micronutrients
iron
zinc
copper
selenium
vitamins
corticosteroid
stress hormone suppresses the immune system
unhealthy coping strategies
drinking
smoking
insomnia
stress and immune system
releases corticosteroid
decreases t cells
unhealthy coping strategies
exercise
increase t cells
lowers levels of inflammation
causes WBC to circulate more rapidly
greater response to vaccines
flushes out toxins from the body through sweat, urine, and respiratory tract
older adults
less able to distinguish self from non self
macrophages destroy antigens more slowly
T cells respond less quickly to antigens
WBC are fewer- body less able to remember to defend itself
antibodies become less able to attach antigens
decreased in thirst- increase in UTI’s
nursing interventions
nutrition
hygiene/hand hygiene
immunization
adequate rest and exercise
education
