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Exam 6 > GI Elimination > Flashcards

GI Elimination Flashcards

1
Q

elimination

A

excretion of waste products from kidneys and intestines

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2
Q

defecation

A

process of elimination of waste- fecal matter

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3
Q

feces

A

semisolid mass of fiber, undigested food, inorganic matter

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4
Q

incontinence

A

Inability to control urine or feces

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5
Q

void

A

to urinate

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6
Q

micturate

A

to urinate

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7
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination

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8
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

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9
Q

noncoturia

A

frequent night urination

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10
Q

polyuria

A

large amounts of urine

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11
Q

urinary frequency

A

voiding at frequent intervals

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12
Q

urinary urgency

A

the need to void at once

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13
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of large protein in urea

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14
Q

hesitancy

A

difficulty initiating urination

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15
Q

dribbling

A

leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination

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16
Q

retention

A

accumulation of urine in bladder without the ability to completely empty

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17
Q

residual

A

urine remaining post void
more than 100mL

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18
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

increased pressure to strain abdominal muscles while maintaining a closed airway

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19
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
developmental stage

A

patterns change throughout lifespan
babies/infants: do not realize signals
older: cognitive or neural changes

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20
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
personal

A

privacy
fast paced jobs

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21
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
sociocultural

A

stress

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22
Q

stress can cause =
primary risk factor in development of =

A

constipation and diarrhea
IBS

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23
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
nutrition/hydration

A

regular intake of food promotes peristalsis
regular intake schedule
irregular schedule = irregularity
high fiber
fluid intake

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24
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
activity

A

can stimulate peristalsis
sedentary people have weaker abdominal muscles
those who have limited activity usually experience constipation

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25
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
medications

A

all oral medications have potential to affect GI
constipation, diarrhea

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26
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
surgeries and procedures

A

bowel manipulation can lead to paralytic ileum
NGT on low or immediate suction

27
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
pregnancy

A

morning sickness
slowing of intestinal motility
risk of hemorrhoids

28
Q

factors affecting bowel elimination
pathological conditions

A

neurological disorders that affects innervations of lower GI tract
cognitive conditions that limit the ability to sense “the urge”
pain or immobility that leads to sluggish peristalsis

29
Q

planning outcomes/evaluation

A

for pt’s to have soft, formed, regular bowel movements
be free of n/v, bloating

30
Q

promotion regular defecation

A

privacy
correct position
timing
fluid intake
proper diet
exercise

31
Q

proper fluid intake

A

6-8 8 ounce glasses

32
Q

proper diet

A

fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber

33
Q

exercise

A

3-5 times a week
ROM for those on bedrest
positioning
encouraging exercise

34
Q

severe constipation

A

separate hard lumps

35
Q

mild constipation

A

lumpy and sausage like

36
Q

ideal

A

sausage shape with cracks
or
smooth and soft sausage

37
Q

lacking fiber

A

soft blobs with clear edges

38
Q

mild diarrhea

A

mushy consistency

39
Q

severe diarrhea

A

liquid consistency

40
Q

the kidneys maintain fluid balance in the body by

A

regulating the amount of makeup of the fluids inside and around the cells

41
Q

kidney’s role in fluid balance is partially controlled by

A

hormones

42
Q

what are the 2 hormones involved inn fluid balance

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
aldosterone

43
Q

ADH

A

produced by the pituitary gland

44
Q

if ADH is high

A

causes more water to be ABSORBED creating a HIGH concentration but SMALL amount of urine

45
Q

if ADH is low

A

causes more water to be EXCRETED creating a LARGE volume of urine

46
Q

aldosterone

A

produced by adrenal gland
regulates water reabsorption and changes urine concentration by increasing sodium absorption
helps control secretion of K (potassium)

47
Q

normal urinary patterns

A

kidneys produce about 50-60 mL per hour or 1500 mL per day
normal voiding is typically 5-6 times per day- depends on fluid intake

48
Q

specific gravity

A

if urine solutes increase = specific gravity increases
normal specific gravity in urine = 1.002 to 1.003

49
Q

fluid intake increase urine becomes more

A

diluted and lighter in color

50
Q

fluid intake decrease urine becomes

A

darker and specific gravity rises

51
Q

dark yellow urine

A

dehydration

52
Q

red/pink urine

A

blood

53
Q

brown urine

A

UTI

54
Q

orange urine

A

medications
beta carotene

55
Q

milky white urine

A

yeast infection
UTI

56
Q

blue urine

A

methane blue

57
Q

green urine

A

medication

58
Q

purple urine

A

“purple bag syndrome”
colonized bacteria in urinary collection device
immediately remove and replace with new one

59
Q

promoting normal urination

A

provide privacy
assist with positioning
facilitate toileting routines
promote adequate fluids and nutrition
assist with hygiene as needed

60
Q

characteristics of urine

A

color, odor, clarity

61
Q

urine testing
specimen collection

A

collection devices depend on how much help the patient needs
sterile collection process
collection from foley bag

62
Q

Record ALL Fluids
Intake

A

semi liquid foods
ice chips
fluids
IV fluids
tube feeding
irrigations instilled and not immediately removed

63
Q

Record ALL Fluids
Output

A

fluid loss via emesis
urine output
diarrhea
drainage form suction or wounds

64
Q

Accuracy

A

teach patient and family members about I&O
use measured collection devices to accurate counts

Exam 6 (4 decks)

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