immunisation and prophylaxis Flashcards
who gets immunisations ?
childhood schedule
special patient groups
occupational
travellers
who gets prophylaxis ?
travellers
pre-exposure
post exposure
surgical
what are the different types of vaccine ?
live attenuated
inactivated (killed)
detoxified exotoxin
subunit of micro-organism - purified microbial products, recombinant
what are examples of live attenuated vaccines ?
MMR BCG VZV yellow fever smallpox typhoid oral polio oral rotavirus oral
what are examples of inactivated vaccines ?
polio in combined hep A cholera oral rabies japanese encephalitis tick-borne encephalitis influenza
what are examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines ?
diphtheria
tetanis
what are example of subunit vaccines ?
pertussis haemophilus influenza type b meningococcus C pneumococcus typhoid anthrax hep B
what is in the 6-in-1 infanrix hexa vaccine ?
D - diphtheria toxin T - tetanus toxoid aP - bordetella pertussis IPV - inactivated polio virus Hib - purified component of haemophilia influenzae b HBV - hepatitis B rDNA
what is the childhood immunisation schedule in the first 4 months ?
2 months - 6-in-1, pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, Men B
3 months - 6-in-1, rotavirus
4 months - 6-in-1, pneumococcal conjugate, Men B
what is the childhood immunisation schedule after 1 year ?
1 year - Hib/Men C, MMR, pneumococcal conjugate, Men B
2-8 years - influenza nasal
3-5 years - 4-in-1 booster(DTaP/IPV), MMR
grils 12-13 - HPV
14 - 3-in-1 DT/IPV, Men ACWY
what is the target for herd immunity ?
90-95%
who gets BCG vaccines ?
infants in areas with / parents born in country with >40/100000
children when screened at school for risk factors
new immigrants
contact with TB patients
healthcare workers
what are indications for influenza vaccine ?
age >65 nursing home residents health care workers immunodeficiency immunosuppression asplenia/hyposplenism chronic liver, renal, cardiac, lung disease DM coeliac disease pregnant women
what are the two pneumococcal vaccines ?
pneumococcal conjugate - 13 serotypes, part of schedule, 3 doses
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine - 23 serotypes, single dose, for immunocompromised people
what is part of the traveller risk assessment screening ?
health of traveller previous immunisation and prophylaxis area to be visited duration of visit accommodation activities remote areas recent outbreaks
