antimicrobial chemotherapy Flashcards
1
Q
what are the penicillins ?
A
benzylpenicillin - strep, SSTI amoxicillin - broad, UTI + RTI flucloxacillin - staph Aureus co-amoxiclav - broad, all sort piperacillin - broad, sepsis
2
Q
what are the cephalosporins
A
cefradine, ceftriaxone
all broad, risk for MRSA
3
Q
what are the aminoglycosides ?
A
gentamicin - gram neg stuff
4
Q
what are the macrolides ?
A
clarithromycin - strep, staph chlam
erythromycin - same as cl
azithromycin - chlamydia
5
Q
what are the quinolone ?
A
ciprofloxacin - gram neg, uti, c.dif
levofloxacin - staph, 3rd line pneumonia
6
Q
what are the glycopeptides ?
A
vancomycin - gram pos only, MRSA
7
Q
what are miscellaneous antibiotics ?
A
trimethoprim - uti co-trimoxazole - PJP clindamycin - SSTI terta/doxycycline - strep, staph rifampicin - TB metronidazole - anaerobes, surgical infection, alcohol interaction
8
Q
what are the 4 main mechanisms of drug resistance ?
A
enzymatic inactivation of the drug
modified targets for drugs
efflux of drug
9
Q
what are reasons for failure of therapy ?
A
inadequate dose inappropriate route non-compliance with antibiotic bacteria walled off in abscess foreign bodies poor penetration to site of infection
10
Q
what are policies to prevent antibiotic overuse ?
A
empirical guidlines documentation and review/stop date IVOST policy - switch to oral after 48 hours penicillin allergy alert antimicrobials - restricted use gentamicin vancomycin
