immunisation and prophalaxis Flashcards
who are immunisations given to?
Childhood schedule
Special patient groups
Occupational
Travelers
who are prophalaxis given to?
Travelers
Post-exposure
Post-exposure (HIV)
Surgical
what is immunity divided into?
how does the primary response to infection differ to the secondary response?
what is the response to killed versus live vaccine?
what are the different types of vaccinations available?
what are examples of live attenuated vaccines?
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
BCG
Varicella-zoster virus
Yellow fever
Smallpox
Typhoid (oral)
Polio (oral)
Rotavirus (oral)
what are examples of inactivated (killed) vaccines?
Polio (in combined vaccine D/T/P/Hib)
Hepatitis A
Cholera (oral)
Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis
Influenza
how do detoxified exotoxini vaccines work?
what are examples of subunit vaccines?
Pertussis (acellular)
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Meningococcus (group C) conjugated: capsular polysaccharide antigen & Corynebacterium diphtheria protein
Pneumococcus
Typhoid
Anthrax
Hepatitis B
how do recombinant vaccine work?
what is the infanrix hexa (6 in 1 vaccine)?
D = purified diphtheria toxoid
T = purified tetanus toxoid
aP = purified Bordetella pertussis
IPV= inactivated polio virus
Hib= purified component of Haemophilus influenzae b
HBV= hepatitis B rDNA
what is the UK childhood immunisation schedule?
2 months: 6-in-1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + rotavirus + Men B
3 months: 6-in-1 vaccine + rotavirus
4 months: 6-in-1 vaccine + pneumococcal conjugate + Men B
what is the UK childhood immunisation schedule following 1y?
1 year: Hib/Men C+ MMR + pneumococcal conjugate + men B
2 -8 years: influenza nasal
3 - 5 years: 4-in-1 booster (DTaP/IPV) + MMR
Girls, 12-13 yrs: Human papilloma virus
14 years: 3-in-1 booster (dT/IPV) + Men ACWY
what is the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine?
Some infants (0-12 months)
areas of UK with annual incidence of TB >40/100,000
Parents/grandparents born in a country with annual incidence of TB >40/100,000
Children screened at school for TB risk factors, tested and vaccinated if appropriate
New immigrants (previously unvaccinated) from high prevalence countries for TB
Contacts (<35yrs) of resp TB patients
Healthcare workers
what immunisations should be given for special patients and occupational groups?
BCG
influenza
pneumococcal
hepatitis B
varicella-zoster (chickenpox)
herpes-zoster (shingles)
what is the influenza vaccine?
Influenza A and B constantly change antigenic structure
haemagglutinins (H)
neuraminidases (N) on surface of virus
New vaccine each year (WHO)
2017-18 Vaccine contains
A/ (H1N1)
A/ (H3N2)
B/
Single dose
Caution in egg allergy
what are indications for the influenza vaccine?
what are the two pneumococcal vaccinations offered?
pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (13 serotypes): Prevenar13®
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23 serotypes) Pneumovax II ®
when is pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23 serotypes) Pneumovax II ® given?
for those at increased risk of pneumococcal infection
single dose
when is pneumococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccine (13 serotypes): Prevenar13® given?
Part of childhood immunisation schedule
3 doses
when is hep B vaccination given?
All new born children from 2018 (6-in-1)
Children at high risk of exposure to HBV
Health care workers, PWID, MSM, prisoners, ch. liver disease, ch. kidney disease,
Given at 0, 1 month, 2 months and 1 year
when is the varicella-zoster vaccine (chickenpox) given?
patients who have a suppressed immune systems, for example having cancer treatment or organ transplant
children if in contact with those at risk of severe vzv
Health case workers (if sero-neg and in contact with patients)
Live attenuated virus
2 doses, 4-8 weeks apart
when is the varicella-zoster vaccine (shingles) given?
All elderly patients (70-80 years)
Zostavax
Live attenuated virus
