Immunisation

Question 1

how are communicable disease controlled?

Answer 1

prevent onset of disease
interrupt transmission (primary prevention)
alter course of infection/disease to prevent or limit consequences (secondary prevention)

Question 2

primary prevention

Answer 2

Pre-exposure (in most circumstances)
 childhood immunisation schedule
 routine vaccines for older people
 travel vaccines
 occupational vaccines
 high risk clinical groups

Question 3

secondary prevention?

Answer 3

Immunoglobulin - e.g. Hep B, Rabies, Varicella zoster

Question 4

how do vaccines work?

Answer 4

Vaccines teach the immune system to recognise bacteria and viruses before the individual encounters them as potential pathogens, so allowing the body to fight against the pathogens

Question 5

what are the three immunological mechanisms?

Answer 5

active, passive and herd immunity

Question 6

what are antigens?

Answer 6

parts of bacteria and viruses, which are recognised by the immune system, usually proteins or polysaccharides

Question 7

what does the immune system generate in response to antigens?

Answer 7

often by the production of antibodies

Question 8

what are antibodies?

Answer 8

proteins which bind to antigens

they are very specific to individual antigens

Question 9

what happens when an antibody-antigen complex is formed?

Answer 9

this alerts other immune cells (lymphocytes: B-cells and T-cells)

Question 10

B cells are part of the?

Answer 10

humoral immune system

Question 11

B cells

Answer 11

mature in the bone marrow

triggered to produce antibody when encounter foreign antigen